Computer-based technologies, such as GIS, data mining, and Web-based application
ID: 3874863 • Letter: C
Question
Computer-based technologies, such as GIS, data mining, and Web-based applications, offer new possibilities for the study of epidemiology and the control of pandemics. Based on your research of module readings, Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, respond to the following: What is a GIS? How is GIS currently used to improve the practice of epidemiology? What is data mining? How is data mining currently used in epidemiology practice and research? How might developing Internet and Web technologies impact the use of GIS and data mining in public health in innovative ways? Write your response in a minimum of 300–400 words, providing relevant references. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
Explanation / Answer
What is GIS?
Definition: A geographic information system (GIS).It is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.
The core of this technology is "Geography" which means the data is related to space or areas(locations of earth).
How is GIS currently used to improve the practice of EPIDEMIOLOGY?
Firstly, Epidemiology is the study of diseases in populations of humans or other animals, specifically how, when and in which areas do they occur. This study is being enhanced with the use of GIS. GIS has the potential to benefit the health care industry which is now worked upon.
The new and innovative ways have brought together the medical geography and spatial epidemiology which actually powers GIS.
A wide variety of organizations are currently adopting this technology, amongst them mostly are involved in health care practices including hospitals, medical centers and health insurance organizations.
GIS is used by epidemiologists to assess proximity, aggregation, and clustering, and also to perform spatial smoothing, interpolation and spatial regression.
The common applications of GIS in these fields are identification of disease clusters.
GIS is also used majorly in epidemiology for disease surveillance and intervention monitoring.
By mapping disease cases in geographic space, local and national governments can easily identify the distribution and spread of disease across geographic regions, optimize planning of intervention locations, and monitor their effectiveness.
Many such applications of GIS, combined with technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS) and remote sensing have been successful in the monitoring and control of onchocerciasis in Guatemala, trypanosomiasis in Africa, and malaria in Israel and Mexico.
What is data mining?
Definition: Data mining is the process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and establish relationships to solve problems through data analysis. Data mining tools allow enterprises to predict future trends
How is data mining currently used in epidemiology practice and research?
Web-based data mining is having a great impact on the way we keep a track of global health outcomes and behaviors. Few of infectious and chronic disease data can be captured from and disseminated in near real-time through an array of online media. Online media provides a global health scenario which is usually different from the picture created by traditional surveillance systems. In fact, these data streams have become invaluable for a new generation of public health surveillance systems that operate across internationally, fills the gap in public health infrastructure, and complement existing traditional surveillance systems.
How might developing internet and web technologies impact the use of GIS and data mining in public health in innovative ways?
Digital data sources and technologies like GIS and data mining when used appropriately can provide local and timely information about disease and health dynamics in populations around the world.
The rapid increase in the availability of relevant data from various digital sources helps in analyzing and finding solutions to the diseases beforehand, also collection of data from various locations and forming relevant analysis and sending across this information widely is the need of the hour to mitigate many problems and so it is necessary to develop internet and web technologies rapidly to get the most out of technologies like GIS and data mining.
Research done on these technologies and epidemiology can be well understood from following studies.
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