If a masked person with a shotgun were to barge into the classroom one day and b
ID: 39140 • Letter: I
Question
If a masked person with a shotgun were to barge into the classroom one day and begin firing wildly and ultimately take me hostage, your body would have a strong immediate response of the release of adrenaline. Explain the effect this will have on heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, liver cells, fat cells, pancreas cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells in the lungs. Describe the basic signal transduction pathway being used in these responses, explain why each of these cellular responses are so important in meeting with the event you have just encountered, and explain how the timing of each cellular response is important as well.
Explanation / Answer
On the account of release of adrenaline, the heart rate increases, this is because the release of adrenaline causes the changes in conductance of heart cells. It increases the conductance to sodium and calcium ions which increase membrane potential ultimately increasing the heart rate. The release of adrenaline also causes the skeletal muscles to contract, breaks down glycogen in liver cells, promote breakdown and release of fat nutrients from fat cells, causes release of glucagon from pancreas cells, relaxes the smooth muscle cells and causes increased respiration as smooth muscles cells in lungs are relaxed.
The basic signal transduction pathway occurs in three phases - in the first phase the adrenaline acts as a ligand by binding to receptor on cell surface. The activated receptor then triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions within the cells in the second phase of pathway. In third phase, biochemical reactions result in change of the cell's metabolism. The cellular response and its timing are particularly important in order to respond to the event that you have just encountered.
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