Python categorize error: This is my code: df5[\"gpa_level\"]= \"Unknown\" for i

Question

Python categorize error:

This is my code:

df5["gpa_level"]= "Unknown"

for i in range(len(df5.gpa)):
gpal= [df5.ix[i,"gpa"]]
  
if gpal>3.80:
df5.ix[i,"gpa_level"]="A"
  
elif 3.50 < gpal <= 3.80:
df5.ix[i,"gpa_level"]="B"
  
elif 3.20 < gpal <= 3.50:
df5.ix[i,"gpa_level"]="C"
  
elif 2.80 < gpal <= 3.20:
df5.ix[i,"gpa_level"]="D"
  
elif 2.00 < gpal <= 2.80:
df5.ix[i,"gpa_level"]="E"
  
else: df5.ix[i,"gpa"]="F"

print(df5)

And it return:  ValueError: The truth value of a Series is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all().

df5 is the dataframe in picture.

Explanation / Answer

The or and and python statements require truth-values. For pandas these are considered ambiguous so you should use "bitwise" | (or) or & (and) operations:

These are overloaded for these kind of datastructures to yield the element-wise or (or and).

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