Can you guys help me fill out my C++ exam review? Overloaded operators: 1. basic

Question

Can you guys help me fill out my C++ exam review?

Overloaded operators:

1. basic facts (precedence, associativity,number of operands, etc.)

-Precedence of the operator cannot be changed

-associativity stays the same

-# of operands can’t be changed

-Can’t create new operators

2. operators that cannot be overloaded

member and non-member overloaded operators

3. when can an overloaded operator be a member function

4. when can an overloaded operator NOT be a member function

[Can you explain the following concept?]

function calls that are equivalent

a + b   is equivalent to   a.operator+(b) for a member function

a + b   is equivalent to   operator+(a, b) for a non-member function

Friend functions:

5. syntax to make a function a friend of a class

6. pros and cons of making a function a friend of a class

'this' pointer:

7. what it is

8. how it's used to 'connect' the object to the function being called

9. when it is useful

Thank you so much in advance.

Explanation / Answer

While working on operator overloading, you need to keep in mind the below points :
-> Only built-in operators can be overloaded. New operators can not be created.
->Arity of the operators cannot be changed.
->Precedence and associativity of the operators cannot be changed.
->Overloaded operators cannot have default arguments except the function call operator () which can have default arguments.
-> Assignment (=), subscript ([]), function call (“()”), and member selection (->) operators must be defined as member functions
->Except the operators [ = [] () ] all other operators can be either member functions or a non member functions.
-> Some operators like (assignment)=, (address)& and comma (,) are by default overloaded.

I hope this will clear your doubts regarding operator overloading.

Friend functions :

class Chegg
{
double question;
public:
double answer;
friend void printQuestio( Chegg chegg );
void setAnswer( double answer);
};

This porinter :

‘this’ pointer is a constant pointer that holds the memory address of the current object. It is an implicit object for all the non-static members of a class. It is not present in case of static member functions as the static member functions or variable don't need any object to access.

This pointer can be useful in two cases :
1> when you need to return the reference to the calling object(current object).
2> when your local variable name is same as member variable name. for eg.
   class Chegg
   {
   int a;
void setValue(int a)
   {
   this.a=a;
}
   }

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I would suggest you to first do hands on with the code. Feel free to reach out if you have any doubt. keep learning :)

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