Chapter Review Discussion Questions Questions for Review 1. Describe the differe

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Chapter Review Discussion Questions Questions for Review 1. Describe the difference between programmed and nonprogrammed decisions. What are the implications of these differences for decision makers? 2. What are the different conditions under which decisions are made? 3. Describe the behavioral nature of decision making. Be certain to provide some detail about political forces, risk propensity, ethics, and commitment in your description. 4. What is meant by the term escalation of commitment? In your opinion, under what conditions is escalation of commitment likely to occur? making- 5. Explain the differences between three common methods of group decision interacting groups, Delphi groups, and nominal groups. 8 7 5

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I have answered all the questions in brief. Let me know if you need more details.

What are the main differences between programmed decision making and non-programmed decision making?

Programmed decisions are routine decisions.

Non-programmed decisions are unique decisions that require a custom solution.

In what ways do the classical and administrative models of decision making help managers appreciate the complexities involved in real-world decision making?

In a perfect world, managers would have all the information they needed and could take as much time as required to make the optimal decision. Since we all know these conditions rarely exist we can look at the administrative model. It has three concepts that allow managers to use limited time and information to make a practical decision.

Why do capable managers sometimes make bad decisions? What can individual managers do to improve their decision-making skills?

Managers often have to make decisions without having all the information necessary to make the best decision. They can also get their personal preferences and emotions involved leading them to make a decision they wouldn't otherwise make.

Managers must be able to separate their own emotions from what is best for the organization. They must also realize when they have made a bad decision, move forward and correct the problem.

In what kinds of groups are groupthink most likely to be a problem? When is it least likely to be a problem? What steps can group members take to ward off groupthink?

Groupthink can be a problem with cohesive groups. They can be so involved in making a unanimous decision that they do not adequately evaluate alternatives.

It is least likely to be a problem when managers have exhausted all their resources and need some fresh ideas.

To avoid groupthink leaders should follow good meeting procedures, developing an agenda, have balanced staff work, and present competing views.

What is organizational learning and how can managers promote it?

Organizational learning is the way an organization learns and adapts, and can be promoted by encouraging managers and subordinates to reach their full potential.

What is the difference between entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship?

Intrapreneurship is entrepreneurship within an organization.

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, one who undertakes innovations.

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