QUE 1) explain overall diference between mechanic design and organic design ( re

Question

QUE 1) explain overall diference between mechanic design and organic design ( review table 20.1 page 516)

1b ) choose two separate bullet point ( e.g minimization, self-managed teams , skill -based pay ,open information) explain the bullet point - how is mechanistic /logistic give examples from experience , the news ,or the textbook for each bullet point .

QUE 2) review fig 21.2 and organization learning charateristics (p.542- 543) , chose one charateristics (bullets includes structure , IS ,HR practices , organization culture and leadership.

-- Give example ( from experience , news , textbook ) of how this charateristics is employed . Is it effective .

Explanation / Answer

1) Structure of an organisation is based upon the framework the company utilises for defining roles and responsibilities, demarcation of authority and power, along with the communication channel for flow of information throughout the organisation. Every organisation as unique requirements I need to select a structure that will address all needs and facilitate efficiency of all processes and the organisation as a whole by allowing for adequate flexibility for adaptation to changes due to critical situations in the internal and external environment, which require response and reaction within the organisation. The two basic types every organisational structure can be segregated into have been prescribed by Tom burns and GM stalker as mechanistic and organic structures.

A mechanistic structure is also referred to as bureaucratic structure because it is extensively identifiable in governmental organisations. This type of organisational framework comprises a formal and centralised network with authority exhibiting a clearly defined hierarchy with top level management withholding most of the decision making power within their profiles. This type of structure is suitable for companies which have achieved stability by conquering the initial growth trajectory, and who operate within a stable and predictable environment. Decision making itself is not a critical process as there is not much risk requiring Complex decision making processes involving numerous decision makers at various level. Authority close from top down with subordinates expected to obey orders and follow required instructions for executing them without questioning the rational behind the decision made by the top management. Flow of communication follows the flow of authority from top to down being uni-directional with minimal cross functionality integration between departments due to all jobs been stable, easy to control and requiring no modification or intervention at lower levels. Functional departments operated as separate entities without much interaction or dependence. In short a mechanistic structure operates similar to an optimal machine which is in good condition and provides optimal output in an efficient manner with little requirement for maintenance or interference. The top management makes all decisions with regard to every process and department within the organisation formal communication for execution of the decisions flows through the chain of command to the specific departments and orders are executed in a perfect manner without any requirement for modification or change.

Organic structures are visible in organisations which operating largely dynamic and unstable environment requiring constant adaptation to implement required changes mitigation of related risks arising from external stimuli. This requires ability to gather, assimilate comma process and analyse information at a fast pace, along with implementation of required change on the basis of the data analysis, and steering the organisation towards growth while maintaining competitive advantage and market share. Quick response time is crucial in such organisational structure along with communication of data, and quick and efficient decision making for implementation of changes which is quick and efficient flow of communication in lateral direction. Communication close both upwards and downwards with the organic structure leading to integrated functional areas and cross functional teams and units to facilitate and encourage quick communication and increase efficiency by immediate implementation. Efficient data management system leads to quick sharing and distribution of knowledge across the organisation greatly reducing response time and effectively managing crisis and mitigating associated risk. The organisation needs to be extremely flexible due to ever changing needs and quick ability to adapt caused by constant redefinition of tasks and requirement for multitasking within cross-functional teams. Cross functional teams enhance knowledge and skills of employees throughout the organisation leading to broader understanding of numerous tasks within the organisation allowing for quick response along with much required buffer of human resource in critical situations. The goals of the organisation and the employees a synchronised and job allocation is largely based upon capabilities and skills rather than positions within the organisation. Decision making, responsibility and accountability exists at every level which self control and discipline facilitating success within a dynamic environment.

1b) Communication within mechanistic organisations is in a top-down manner, unidirectional and flows vertically. It displays clearly a hierarchical model of authority.

Within organic organisations communication is a veritable network connecting every individual and process to every other within the organisation facilitating quick and efficient flow of communication and efficient information and data management. Communication is multi directional and closed in both horizontal and vertical direction in both ways top down as well as lateral.

Leadership style is authoritarian in mechanistic organisations, with most decision making power retained within the leadership and all subordinates expected to obey every Order and follow all instructions exactly without questioning the rationale or authority. Obedience and skill is of paramount importance with little or no consideration for innovation and motivation.

The leadership style in organic organisation is transformational with the leaders being extremely dynamic and proactive focusing on achievement of goals through motivation of employees and the organisation as a whole by maximization of efficiency and output. There is extensive delegation of decision making power simultaneous accountability.

2) We are in a very competitive economic environment today largely due to the massive impact of communication technology putting the world at our fingertips. In this scenario most of the successful brands and large organizations worldwide are creating fresh milestones in leadership excellence and over the top management, a no bars no boundaries mindset and out of the box thinking has taken business management to an altogether different sphere. Hence, most managements are very much aware of the need to carry the team along with the organization to achieve its core goals of maximization of profits and global growth. They do not want to handle crises within the organization when they have so many to handle externally. Therefore, a leader should have the ability to promote harmony and avert or manage crises effectively internally and externally. I had an opportunity to accomplish this within my project management team in the below example.

Strategic means related to strategy in other words it is the identification of overall aims and the means to be adopted for achieving them. It consists of devising a plan for achievement of specific goals and following through with perfect implementation of the plan together with adequate control measures to ensure the goal is achieved. Actually, what finally matters is always the goal. Strategic leadership and management both emulate these basic features of strategizing within their jobs. So, a strategic leader whether at top, middle or department level needs to absolutely understand and be attuned to the objectives to be achieved, the plan for the same and how they will manage the people and processes to derive optimal results and what control measures they will implement to ensure success. A leader has to motivate his entire team through performance and maintain a human element through inclusion and encouragement for each individual to explore their talents and excel. I have absolute belief that strategy is the most important management tool at the disposal of leaders for successful achievement of goals, and also to exceed expectations. Lack of a well formulated strategy to lead and motivate others towards achievement of goals as a unified team, is sure to lead to failure or average results at best. It is like going on a treasure hunt without a map. I utilized this strategy to the maximum with absolute focus on the goal.

Transformational leadership is a contrast to transactional leadership, in the sense that, it is highly proactive and focuses on achievement of goals through motivation of the employees and Organization as a whole. This is a dynamic form of leadership and proposed to implement constant changes within the organization, through introduction of new ideas, as well as, dynamic analysis of the goals and the plans set to achieve them, with implementation of changes within them whenever and wherever required. This dynamic approach believes in motivating every individual and group to achieve personal goals through excellence in performance. This is the form of leadership embodies change and encourages individual growth is everything in developing future leaders. The goal of the organization is projected as the goal of every individual as inclusive management is a hallmark of this leadership style. As a result entire organization operates as one and becomes motivated to achieve organizational goals as part of personal goals because an individual grows along with the organization and relationship between the organization and the workers is cooperative and the growth of one simultaneously benefits the other. Such leaders always lead both from the front and from within, meaning they represent all the required leadership qualities, they exemplify leadership by themselves being super achievers and motivate the rest to follow by example. Thus, it promotes an environment of growth and learning within the organization which mimics growth for the organization externally.

Leadership is an important element of Total Quality Management and it successful implementation, as is the case with every area of an organization. Without effective leadership total quality management cannot be successful. Total quality management provides all the principles required to be implemented within the framework of an organization to ensure optimal output from every department concerned. However for these principles to be put into action a dynamic and exemplary leadership is mandatory. For effectiveness of quality management a leader requires to create a very positive environment within the organization which facilities and welcomes positive changes. It also requires a leader to understand that inclusive management is a major requirement for achieving quality goals. Any leader to be effective, has to lead by example, by being a proactive rather than a reactive leader and also exhibit his skills and capabilities by ensuring his every action is backed by due diligence and analysis of the market and the sector. It is also required that a leader managing total quality management and its implementation have a perfect strategy in place, in order to ensure, that the aim of the implementation of TQM is clear, as also the means of achieving it. All organizational leaders need to understand requirement for mastering every aspect of the total quality management puzzle to stay on top of the game.

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