G. What other kinds of plants have galls? 7. Are the gall larvae a preferred foo
ID: 40190 • Letter: G
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G. What other kinds of plants have galls? 7. Are the gall larvae a preferred food or a survival food for bird predators? 8. Why do you suppose woodpeckers and chickadees feed on gall fly larvae but not blue jays and sparrows? 9. What other animals might use the larvae as a winter food supply? 10. Could the location of the tunnel reflect the direction of the sun or prevailing winds? What experimental evidence could you gather to answer this question? 11. Why can you describe the gall fly larva as both a parasite and an herbivore? What is the difference between the two terms? 12. What is the difference between a parasite and a true predator? In what ways does a wasp act like both?Explanation / Answer
3.galls are site of larvae deposition. thus they can have more than one.
4. the flies deposit their larvae within the plant stem and when the larvae hatch they eat the plant stem from within also, they produce chemicals that cause usually growth of plant in that region producing gall. thus affects the plant.
5. other species include two parasitic wasps Eurytoma gigantea & Eurystoma obtusiventris
6. Agrobacterium tumifeciens causes crown gall in dandelions, cabbage plants.
7. its a preferred food for the above two parasitic wasps species.
8. during winter when food sources for woodpeckers is sparse they turn to gall fly larvae which is stored in the golden fly rot. this larvae produces an antifreeze during winters which prevents them from dying. on the other hand, even chickadee has a strong chisled beak which can dig into the gall stem thus, feed on the larvae.
9. as mentioned earlier in question 8, these larvae produce a chemical (usually glycerol) which functions as anti freeze during winters. thus can be used as food supply.
10. it makes the tunnel during fall, in the direction of the wind
11.parasites are organism that live on other organisms an gain nourishment, nutrients from them. While herbivores are organisms that survive on vegetative source of nutrients.
since gall fly feeds on the goldenrod stem it is a parasite and it gets its energy by eating only this plant as source thus it is called a parasite which is herbivorous.
12. predators feed on their prey which are weaker than them and kill them and feed on them whereas parasites feed on living host. both characters are seen in gall flies thus they are called both predator as well as parasite
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