1. What is the ISO 9000 Background and Evolution? 2. Explain the Quality Managem
ID: 405065 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What is the ISO 9000 Background and Evolution?
2. Explain the Quality Management Principles.
3. Give an Overview of the ISO 9000 Family of Standards.
4. What are the Detailed Review Requirements?
5. Explain what is meant by the Transition Guidance (from 1994 to 2008 standards) .
What is the ISO 9000 Background and Evolution? Explain the Quality Management Principles. Give an Overview of the ISO 9000 Family of Standards. What are the Detailed Review Requirements? Explain what is meant by the Transition Guidance (from 1994 to 2008 standards) .Explanation / Answer
1
BACKGROUND
ISO 9000 was first published in 1987. It was based on the BS 5750 series of standards from BSI that were proposed to ISO in 1979. However, its history can be traced back some twenty years before that, to the publication of the United States Department of Defense MIL-Q-9858 standard in 1959. MIL-Q-9858 was revised into the NATO AQAP series of standards in 1969, which in turn were revised into the BS 5179 series of guidance standards published in 1974, and finally revised into the BS 5750 series of requirements standards in 1979 before being submitted to ISO.
BSI has been certifying organizations for their quality management systems since 1978. Its first certification (FM 00001) is still extant and held by Tarmac Limited, a successor to the original company which held this certificate. Today BSI claims to certify organizations at nearly 70,000 sites globally. The development of the ISO 9000 series is shown in the diagram to the right.
The ISO 9000 standard is continually being revised by standing technical committees and advisory groups, who receive feedback from those professionals who are implementing the standard.
ISO 9000:1987 had the same structure as the UK Standard BS 5750, with three 'models' for quality management systems, the selection of which was based on the scope of activities of the organization:
ISO 9000:1987 was also influenced by existing U.S. and other Defense Standards ("MIL SPECS"), and so was well-suited to manufacturing. The emphasis tended to be placed on conformance with procedures rather than the overall process of management, which was likely the actual intent.
ISO 9000:1994 emphasized quality assurance via preventive actions, instead of just checking final product, and continued to require evidence of compliance with documented procedures. As with the first edition, the down-side was that companies tended to implement its requirements by creating shelf-loads of procedure manuals, and becoming burdened with an ISO bureaucracy. In some companies, adapting and improving processes could actually be impeded by the quality system.2000 version
ISO 9001:2000 replaced all three former standards of 1994 issue, ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003. Design and development procedures were required only if a company does in fact engage in the creation of new products. The 2000 version sought to make a radical change in thinking by actually placing the concept of process management front and center ("Process management" was the monitoring and optimisation of a company's tasks and activities, instead of just inspection of the final product). The 2000 version also demanded involvement by upper executives in order to integrate quality into the business system and avoid delegation of quality functions to junior administrators. Another goal was to improve effectiveness via process performance metrics: numerical measurement of the effectiveness of tasks and activities. Expectations of continual process improvement and tracking customer satisfaction were made explicit.
ISO 9001:2008 basically renarrates ISO 9001:2000. The 2008 version only introduced clarifications to the existing requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and some changes intended to improve consistency with ISO 14001:2004. There were no new requirements. For example, in ISO 9001:2008, a quality management system being upgraded just needs to be checked to see if it is following the clarifications introduced in the amended version.
ISO 9001 is supplemented directly by two other standards of the family:
Other standards, like ISO 19011 and the ISO 10000 series, may also be used for specific parts of the quality system.
ISO 9001 is based upon 8 Principles of Quality Management. As well as being guiding principles for the development of the most popular quality standard, they are also useful resources for management professionals looking to implement or improve a quality management programme.
Principe 1: Customer Focus
This standard relates to customer needs and customer service: a business should understand their customers and seek to meet their requirements. Where possible, they should aim to exceed customer expectations.
The benefits of this are increased customer loyalty, increased revenue due to the ability to spot new customer opportunities and increased effectiveness of processes related to customer satisfaction.
Principle 2: Leadership
This standard relates to the direction of the organisation: a business should have clear objectives and employees should be actively involved in achieving this.
The benefits of this are primarily employee engagement and increased motivation: research has shown that if employees are kept
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