Critical and Creative Thinking Dr. James Ryan Reblando I. INTRODUCTION In many w

Question

Critical and Creative Thinking

Dr. James Ryan Reblando

I. INTRODUCTION

In many ways academic writing can be considered similar to other forms of argumentative writing. In all forms of argumentative writing there are claims and counterclaims, reasoning and drawing conclusion involved. However there are clear differences that can be used to distinguish academic argumentation and other popular forms of argumentation.

There has been an ongoing crisis for humanities. Humanists have proclaimed this crisis for a very long time now. This has been evident to them from a number of factors such as decreasing job opportunities in their own field, lack of respect given by others and more. Why is this happening? The answer is simple. People prefer money over everything else. Money is seen as the provider of livelihood and comfort so much that people are failing to recognize that there are factors other than money that can help them lead a better life. Humanities courses are being neglected. Not much value is given to humanists than what is given to scientists (Orzel, 2010). It must be noted that students of humanities tend to gain success not only at work but also in life, they are taught variety of skills which students of other courses are not taught (Spacks, 2001).

II. ARGUMENTATION METHODS- THE GOOD, BETTER, BEST

Argumentation essays are essays that need to be clear and precise in their wordings. For the purpose of conveying a message directly to their readers, different types of argumentation need to be well researched with strong supporting evidence.

There are many different types of argumentation, in academic argumentation authors try to give or provide defense to a non-obvious claim. An academic argumentation is an author’s position on a particular topic. An academic argumentation is based on facts that are accurate and factual. One must be careful about the different types of sentiments of the readers while writing the academic argumentation, if the essay hurts the views of any community it can become a negative point for the author, the readers might think the author is prejudiced. Academic argumentation are not forms of writing that start conflicts or fights.

In academic argumentation you need to follow certain steps to produce a strong argument. You need to firstly understand the argument, decide your view or position on the argument, find evidence that will support your position, check whether the evidence is strong or weak, if the evidence is weak then find stronger evidence as weak evidence give way to weak argument. Develop your argument in your own words, conclude with strong claim or saying that will stick with readers after reading the argument.

Other forms of popular argumentation are debate, Rogerian essay, satire, persuasive, toulmin and more (Types of Argument Essays, n.d.).

In debate form of argumentation, the author has to choose one side of a topic, the author can be for or against the topic. For this argument the author has to not only develop a strong argument with evidence but also prepare for the counterarguments that may arise. In debate the author needs to make a strong conclusion in order to create influence (Types of Argument Essays, n.d.).

In Toulmin essay the author needs to prove a claim. In this type of argumentation the author has to identify as well as address rebuttals that may arise from their claim. The author has to collect data both qualitative and quantitative to make their arguments stronger. In Rogerian argumentative essay, the author must identify the strengths and weakness of the claim or issue, they also must study it in order to conclude with a call for action (Norquist, 2018).

In persuasive essay, the author has to persuade the readers with strong arguments. In order to do so well researched evidence which has the ability to change the opinion of readers must be used. In a satire the arguments are presented in an ironical tone which makes it more interesting for the readers (Persuasive or argumentative essays, n.d.)

III. HUMANITIES CRISIS- THEN AND NOW

Not much money is invested in the course, they are hardly given new technological equipment’s, and they tend to use the library. More priority must be provided to people and students in this category of study. Humanities are a huge field and many job opportunities can be created for people. Humanities are usually for people who are pursuing a second major and looking to fill top level management jobs. Even though there are many arguments for humanities and how it is important it is still not gaining attention and change that is required for it. It can be considered that humanists help in the building of humanity through their way of thinking (Smith, 2014). Even though most of the time it is not direct and takes time, it can be a useful tool for those who need to develop not only their careers but also want to do something in life. Some people argue that most of the ongoing global problems cannot be solved with the help of humanities. The reason behind such a claim is that all such problems are complex in nature and need expertise which cannot be attained by humanists (GLOBAL PROBLEMSCAN’T BE RESOLVED WITHOUT A HUMANITIES PERSPECTIVE, n.d.).

IV. CONCLUSION

In other words academic argumentative is similar to other forms of argumentative essays, in sense that they use the same methods to create claim, prepare strong arguments, find evidence related to the claim and make powerful claims. Every university is different in the sense that not all of them share the same view on this issue. In many universities priority is given to humanities and majors are developed in a way that humanities get the attention they require. Students of such course are recommended to take courses which will help them attain success. For this generation humanities seems like an option which is preferred by students and their parents for the reason that they have come to understand the need of things beyond of just earning money. Graduating with humanities seems more preferable than it was before for every company is now investing to understand not only the market but also their employees.

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Required:

Do the Review of the Article (1000 words)

Give suggestion (300 Words)

Give Recommendation (300 Words)

Explanation / Answer

Firstly, there are many terminologies used in this passage given. So to start, let us first define some of those prefixes in the simplest terms.

Argumentative writing, as those words depict themselves, is a known genre of writing in which the student investigates a topic, collects, generates and evaluates evidence required for that topic/related to the topic, and establishes a perspective or a position on the topic in a concise way.

Argumentative writing involves extensive research of literature or related past published articles and materials. They also involve primary form of research which involves interviews, surveys, observations, experiments. Such detailed analysis and research about the topic helps the students to learn about the topic in depth and understand different views and aspects regarding that topic so that the student can choose a position to support it with the gained evidence collected during the research.

In short, following can be the anatomy of an argumentative writing:

Academic writing, on the other hand, includes a generalized form of writing which is written down for a set of targeted critical and informed audiences. These are formed with closely investigated knowledge and are intended to challenge concepts or arguments. It usually circulates around the term ‘academic’ or ‘academy’. However, there have been instances where the writer has found audiences of other genres like journalism, pamphlets, speeches, etc.

Academic writing is also termed as a clear, concise, structured, focused form of writing backed by evidence again. Its main purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding. It has more of a formal tone and style, but it’s not so complex in nature and doesn’t require long sentences, big statements and complicated vocabulary.

Now given the detailed explanation of both the types of writing, i.e. Academic and Argumentative, let’s see the differences, if there are any.

These are some of the differences between these two types of writing.

Next is the term ‘Humanities’. It is an academic term which means academic disciplines that study the different aspects of culture and human society. It’s a relatively very old concept. In today’s time, humanities are more contrasted with natural and social sciences as well as professional training.

Humanities is also considered to be a general knowledge about human culture, history, philosophy, etc.

Knowing what terminologies are majorly used in this essay, and also reading about what these essay actually saying, lets attempt a review in short.

This essay tells us about different forms of writing, primarily about academic and argumentative writings, how they are similar and how they reflect some attributes of each other in similar manner, and also in what sense are they differed too.

Then the term humanities come into picture. It tells us how this term is facing crisis now and the main reason being people preferring money over everything.

Then there are various methods of argumentation stationed in this essay. How a good, better and the best argumentation is evolved. For claims to put, how evidence and its quality matters. Facts need to be accurate and factual. Some other forms of argument are also portrayed here.

Humanities and their crisis, both in today’s age as well as in yester years is shown here. After this, the passage is briefly concluded.

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