psy100(3) Love as the basis for marriage is a. a universal phenomenon b. most co

Question

psy100(3)

Love as the basis for marriage is
   a. a universal phenomenon
   b. most common in collectivist cultures
   c. an 18th-century invention of Western culture
   d. becoming increasingly uncommon across cultures

Q2. Which of the following refers to the fact that we tend to like others who like us?
   a. proximity liking
   b. reciprocal liking
   c. matching hypothesis
   d. social exchange theory

Q3. Adults who are obsessed and preoccupied with their relationships would be considered as belonging to which of the following categories?
   a. secure
   b. avoidant
   c. inconsistent
   d. anxious-ambivalent

Q4. If your initial reaction to a person is negative,
   a. mere exposure will help you to gradually overcome that impression.
   b. mere exposure will help you to rapidly overcome that impression.
   c. mere exposure will most likely increase the intensity of that impression.
   d. mere exposure will lead gradually to a tolerant indifference to that person.

Q5. Physical attractiveness
   a. plays a major role in dating.
   b. is only important to men.
   c. is only important in heterosexual relationships.
   d. is not important in friendships.

Q6. The parental investment model helps to explain why
   a. men are more 'picky' in selecting a mate.
   b. women are more 'picky' in selecting a mate.
   c. women fall in love more easily than men.
   d. women hold more romantic beliefs than men.

Q7. In general, higher intelligence and grades are associated with higher career aspirations, but this is less likely to hold true for girls than for boys. This finding illustrates which of the following concepts?
   a. reproductive fitness
   b. heterosexual success
   c. economic discrimination
   d. the ability-achievement gap

Q8. Cultural expectations about what is appropriate for each gender are called
   a. display rules.
   b. gender roles.
   c. primary sex characteristics.
   d. secondary sex characteristics.

Q9. When Pat takes a personality inventory, the resulting scores on the subscales that measure masculinity and femininity are both low. This pattern of scoring is called
   a. bisexual.
   b. androgyny.
   c. androcentrism.
   d. gender-role undifferentiated.

Q10. In part, gender roles are shaped by the power of rewards and punishment, which are the key processes in
   a. operant conditioning.
   b. classical conditioning.
   c. observational learning.
   d. social constructionism.

Q11. An ____ style of communication focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems.
   a. operant
   b. expressive
   c. instrumental
   d. androgynous

Q12. The traditional female role consists of three major mandates: the ____ mandate, the ____ mandate, and to work outside the home.
   a. success; marriage
   b. success; motherhood
   c. marriage; nurturance
   d. marriage; motherhood

Q13. The concept of gender role transcendence challenges the assumption that
   a. gender roles are a source of difficulty in modern societies.
   b. the male role is more complimentary than the female role.
   c. gender roles are necessary for an equitable division of labor.
   d. some traits are inherently masculine and others are feminine.

Q14. If Bruce is a stereotypical male, he will generally be ____.
   a. instructive
   b. expressive
   c. intrinsic
   d. instrumental

Q15. Evolutionary psychologists explain social behaviors such as aggression and mating patterns in terms of different ____ pressures operating on the genders over the course of human history.
   a. economic
   b. hormonal
   c. environmental
   d. natural selection

Q16. Jose has engaged the services of a registered nurse, an athletic trainer, and a nutritionist to develop a three-week program to raise employee awareness of the importance of self-care on and off the job. He is offering his employees a
   a. relaxation-training program.
   b. workplace wellness program.
   c. diversity awareness program.
   d. stress-management program.

Q17. Which of the following statements regarding gender bias on occupational interest inventories is accurate?
   a. There is no evidence of gender bias on these inventories.
   b. Gender bias existed in the past, but it has been eliminated.
   c. Gender bias exists, but only for African American women.
   d. Gender bias has been reduced, but it has not been eliminated.

Q18. Jobs with ____ and ____ are considered the most stressful.
   a. low psychological demands; high decision control
   b. high psychological demands; high decision control
   c. low psychological demands; low decision control
   d. high psychological demands; low decision control

Q19. In one study, Karasek found more symptoms of heart disease among men whose jobs were ____ in psychological demands and ____ in decision control.
   a. low; low
   b. high; high
   c. low; high
   d. high; low

Q20. Leaving the labor force, even if for increasingly brief periods of time, is called
   a. overemployment.
   b. labor force discontinuity.
   c. token employment.
   d. re-employment disclamation.

Q21. The fact that jobs are sometimes typed simultaneously by gender and race illustrates which of the following concepts?
   a. job segregation
   b. job discrimination
   c. stereotype harassment
   d. occupation identification

Q22. What is the leading cause of on-the-job homicides?
   a. co-worker dispute
   b. displaced workers
   c. robbery
   d. situational propensity

Q23. Marti used to enjoy her job, but recently she has been performing poorly, feeling exhausted and cynical. Marti may have
   a. anxiety.
   b. burnout.
   c. low decision control.
   d. demand.

Q24. Which of the following statements about workaholism is not true?
   a. Psychologists are not in agreement about how harmful workaholism is.
   b. It is one of the most well researched areas in I/O psychology.
   c. There are enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics.
   d. There are certain organizational climate features that promote workaholism.

Q25. Which is an increasingly important specific job skill?
   a. intelligence
   b. math aptitude
   c. identity
   d. social skills

Explanation / Answer

1) Option A (Universal Phenomena)

2) Option B (Reciprocal Liking)

3) Option - D (Anxious Ambivalent)

4) Option - A (Mere exposure will help you to gradually overcome that impression)

5) Oprtion - A (Plays a major role in dating)

6) Option B (Women are more picky in selecting a male)

7) Option C (Economic discrimination)

8) Option B (gender roles)

9) Option D (Gender role undifferntiated)

10) Option A (Operant conditioning)

11) Option C (Instrumental)

12) Option D (marriage, motherhood)

13) Option D (some traits are inherently masculine and others are feminine)

14) Option D (Instrumental)

15) Option B (Harmonal)

16) Option B (Workplace wellness program)

17) Option D (Gender bias has been reduced, but it has not been eliminated)

18) Option B (High psychological demands, high decision control)

19) Option B (High High)

20) Oprtion B (labour force discontinuity)

21) Option A (Job segregation)

22) Option B (displaced workers)

23) Option A (Anxiety)

24) Option B (It is one of the most well researched areas in I/O psychology)

25) Option D (Social skills)

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