The ___(1)_________ states that a behavior that is rewarded will increase, while

Question

The ___(1)_________ states that a behavior that is rewarded will increase, while the __(2)_________ approach to motivation focuses on changing or modifying behavior through the appropriate use of rewards and punishments.

1) (A) law of effect (B) behavioral consequences theory (C) process theory (D) law of consequences

2) (A) process (B) content (C) reinforcement (D) equity

3) You are trying to convince a group of volunteers to show up at the library for their scheduled hours of work. Unfortunately, people tend to come in late on a regular basis, and this makes it difficult to get the books back on the shelves in a timely manner. You decide to give the volunteers _________________. Anyone who is on time gets a $5 gift card from Starbucks. Soon, all of the volunteers are showing up for their shifts right on time.

(A) avoidance learning (B) a punishment (C) a positive reinforcer (D) an extinction

4) If a manager a positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect? Check all that apply.

(A) To satisfy the employees affiliation needs

(B) To see a long-term increase in the rewarded behaviors

(C) To satisfy the employees lower-level needs

(D) To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors

Explanation / Answer

1. The answer is "law of effect" i.e. option A. This was observed by Edward Thorndike who stated that a behavior that is rewarded will increase because such behaviors are reinforced and made stronger due to the rewards. Rewards are desirable consequences and the behavior will have a high likelihood of happening again in the future as it gets reinforced.

2. The answer is "reinforcement" i.e. option C. New behaviors can be quickly established through the suitable use of rewards and punishments. The desired behavior has to be reinforced after each and every occurence. This will lead to formation of new behaviors quickly. The behaviors can be a permanent one if they are reinforced regularly. This theory was developed by B.F. Skinner.

3. The answer is "a positive reinforcer" i.e. option C. You are using positive reinforcement by giving the volunteers a pleasant and rewarding consequence if they are on time. This positive reinforcer will also increase the likelihood of the volunteers showing on time in the future.

4. Here the reinforcers are in the form of financial rewards. Non financial reinforcers are more relevant for the long run as employees look for praises, positive feedback, social recognition. These non financial reinforcers create a bigger impact in the long run. The answers are: "C and D". Monetary rewards will satisfy lower level needs like the physiological needs. Also the monetary rewards will not satisfy the higher level needs like self esteem and self actualization. Thus the increase will only be temporary. For permanent and long term increase, there should be a judicious use of non  financial reinforcers.

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