1) Identify the independent and dependent variables (and the measurement scale f

Question

1) Identify the independent and dependent variables (and the measurement scale for the dependent variables)

2) Indicate the levels of the independent variables and their attributes (between- or within-subjects; manipulated or subject; if manipulated, situational, task, or instructional)

The Study: In a study of crowding, introverts and extroverts are to be compared. Some are tested in a large room (8' x 8'), others are tested in a medium-sized room (6' x 6'), and others are tested in a small room (4' x 4'). To see if expectations will influence the outcome, half the participants in each group are told that the study hypothesizes that crowding will harm their performance; the remaining participants are told nothing about the hypothesis being studied. While in the room, participants fill out an anxiety survey (psychological test), then listen to a series of brief segments of five heavy metal songs and rank them from the most annoying to the least annoying.

Explanation / Answer

1. Independent Variable 1 - Personality type – introverts, extroverts

Attributes – between-subjects ; subject variable

2. Independent Variable 2 - Size of the room – large, medium, small

Attributes – between-subjects ; manipulated ; situational

3. Independent Variable 3 - Expectation - Hypothesis told, hypothesis not told

Attributes – between-subjects ; manipulated ; instructional

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