Chemical and physical processes that occur without continued external influence

Question

Chemical and physical processes that occur without continued external influence are referred to as spontaneous. Other processes that occur only with external influences are referred to as Non-spontaneous reactions do occur. Spontaneous reactions may be fast or slow. Spontaneity is not related to speed of a reaction. Label the following processes as spontaneous or non-spontaneous a) Iron rusting 4Fe (s) + 3O_2 (g) + 6H_2O (1) rightarrow 4Fe(OH)_3 (s) b) Ice melting c) Water freezing at -10 degree C d) Water freezing at +10 degree C

Explanation / Answer

a) Spontaneous

b) Non-Spontaneous

c) Spontaneous (Water freezes at temperatures below 0 oC spontaneously.)

d) Non-spontaneous ( Water freezes at temperatures below 0 oC spontaneously. But to make it freeze at +10 oC, you need external influence)

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