(1 pt) 1. A nonvolatile solute is added to a volatile solvent to form a solution
ID: 486824 • Letter: #
Question
(1 pt) 1. A nonvolatile solute is added to a volatile solvent to form a solution. Explain, on the molecular level, why the solution has a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent.
(4 pts) 2. Define dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole forces. Give two chemical examples (compounds) for each type of intermolecular force.
(1 pt) 3. A person preparing a fish tank fills the tank with water that has been boiled (and then cooled). When the person puts fish into the tank, the fish die. Explain.
(1 pt) 4. A solution contains 32 g of KNO3 per 100.0 g of water at 25°C. Is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? (use Figure 12.11.)
(3 pts) 5. A solution is 40% ethanol, 40% methanol, and 20% water by mass. Calculate the mole fractions of ethanol, methanol, and water in the solution.
(5 pts) 6. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution containing 18.75 mg of hemoglobin in 15.0 mL of solution at 25°C. The molar mass of hemoglobin is 6.5 x 104 g/mol.
Explanation / Answer
1.
when a non-volatile solute is added to the pure solvent, the solvent vapor pressure decreases i.e., solution vapor pressure is less than the solvent.because solute particles restricts the evaporation of solvent molecules so as the number of molecules evaporating decreases and consequently the pressure exerted on the surface of the liquid(vapor pressure) decreases.
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