Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aroma

Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring. Activation of the ring towards substitution. -NH_2 -CN -CI -OCH_3 Withdrawal of electrons through resonance. -SO_3H -NO_2 -CH_3 -NHCOCH_3 Ortho/para-directed substitution. -NH_2 -CN -OCOCH_3 -SO_3H

Explanation / Answer

Activation of the ring towards subsitution:

-NH2, OCH3

Withdrawal of electrons through resonance

-SO3H, -NO2

Ortho-Para Directed substituents

-Cl,-OCH3,-NH2

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