diffusion of HCO 3 - out of the proximal tubule. active transport of HCO 3 - out

ID: 48812 • Letter: D

Question

diffusion of HCO3- out of the proximal tubule.

active transport of HCO3- out of the proximal tubule.

In the vertebrate kidney, blood filtration happens through the walls of special capillaries that form a tufted loop called a ____________, which is surrounded by a capsule.

In addition to osmoregulation, the kidneys participate in regulating blood pressure. Specialized cells of the efferent arteriole, called the ____________ apparatus, secrete the hormone renin in response to a drop in blood pressure. This, in turn, triggers additional responses that help raise blood pressure.

Water moves by: (select all correct choices) facilitated diffusion. random molecular motion. passive transport. active transport. osmosis.

Explanation / Answer

1. Water moves by osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecule from high conc to low conc separated by seipermeable membrane.

4. At equilbrium, Water molecules move randomly across the barrier with no net addition of water to either side. When equilbrium is attained, there is equal conc of ions on the both side. in that case, there is no movement of water.

6. The main solutes in the filtrate as it enters the distal convoluted tubule are: amino acid and electrolyte.

7.Depending on their environments, animals may gain water:

from food, from drinking and from cellular respiratuion.(When the food is oxidised it is converted into ATP and water molecule)

8. The increased osmolarity of the filtrate after Bowman’s capsule is caused by: active transport of NaCl out of the proximal tubule

9. In the vertebrate kidney, blood filtration happens through the walls of special capillaries that form a tufted loop called a __Juxtraglomerular apparatus.__________, which is surrounded by a capsule.

10. The walls of the proximal convoluted tubule:

have a brush border which increases the surface area of the tubule.

use facilitated diffusion to reabsorb glucose and amino acids.

11. Osmoconformers tend to live in environments with variable solute concentrations: false

Osmoconformers are incapable of maintaining osmotic pressure.

13. Excreting ammonia directly into the environment requires high volumes of water.

15. The mammalian kidney has an outer layer called the _cortex___________ and an inner layer called the ________medulla. ____.

16. The excretory organs of different organisms are extremely varied. all excretory organs have in commmon

A filtration system that filters nitrogenous waste from the body fluids.

17. Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney?

glomerulus, collecting duct, bowmann capsule, renal tubule.

18. Juxtraglomerular apparatus.

19. At the level of the organism, how is osmoregulation achieved?

by balancing the input and output of water and electrolytes

20. Desert reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which allows them to reabsorb most of the water from their urine after it drains into the cloaca. True

Desert reptile excrete notrogenous waste in order to conserve water.

21. In the presence of ADH, urine becomes more concentrated. True.

It increases the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule and collectinf duct.