Why is SDS added to the sample and the gel? What are the two layers of a gel use

Question

Why is SDS added to the sample and the gel? What are the two layers of a gel used in SDS-PAGE? What is the function of each layer? What information can you obtain from SDS-PAGE? Why are you running the SDS-PAGE today? In SDS-PAGE, do the proteins migrate toward the anode (positive electrode) or cathode (negative electrode)? Why? After running the gel, what could you use to visualize the protein bands? List five types of staining techniques. Calculate the amount of each sample to load onto your gel. Prepare a table similar to the one below. You must complete this table before coming to class.

Explanation / Answer

1. Protein molecules are long chains.   They are highly in folded form and positively charged  

if you add SDS   protein will be denatured and forms long chains with negative charges

2. stacking gel and separating gel      ( denaturation of proteins first layer, separation of protein second layer)

3. Purity and quantification of proteins

5. negatively charged thus it will move towards postively charged anode

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