Answer the following questions: 1. In the otter - sea urchin - kelp community on

Question

Answer the following questions:

1. In the otter - sea urchin - kelp community on the Pacific coast of the United States, what trophic level are the otters?

a. Primary producers

b. Primary consumers

c. Secondary consumers

d. Tertiary consumers

2. In the lake represented by this simulation, which of the following is true?

a. Cyanobacteria will not grow in the presense of green algae

b. Alewife only eat Bosmina; they do not eat Daphnia

c. Without alewife, Daphnia outcompete Bosmina

d. Daphnia only ever eat cyanobacteria

3. In a system with four trophic levels (producers, herbivores, and two levels of predators) exhibiting trophic cascades, what would you expect to happen if a species at the fifth trophic level is added (a predator on the current top predator)?

a. The number of producers (the lowest trophic level) will increase

b. The number of herbivoes (the second trophic level) will increase

c. The number of herbivores will decrease and the third trophic level (predators on the herbivores) will also decrease

d. The number of producers will decrease and the third trophic level (predators on the herivores) will also decrease

4. A hypothetical grassland system contains two species of grass, two species of rodent that eat grass, and one species of snake that feeds on the rodents. Given the following competitive and feeding relationships, which scenario is the most likely?

Grass 1 outcompetes grass 2

Rodent 1 outcompetes rodent 2

Both rodent prefer grass 1, but will feed on grass 2 if grass 1 is unavailable

The snake prefers to prey on rodent 1

a. When the snake is present, rodent 2 is more abundant than rodent 1 and grass 2 is more abundant than grass 1

b. When the snake is present, rodent 2 is more abundant than rodent 1 and total grass abundance is higher than it is when the snake is absent

c. When the snake is absent, rodent 1 is more abundant than rodent 2 and total grass abundance is higher than when the snake is present

d. When the snake is absent, rodent 2 is more abundant than rodent 1 and grass 1 competitively excludes grass 2 completely from the community

5. Which of the following is the best experimental protocol by which to test the preference of an herbivore for one of two plants (designated A and B)?

a. Place one herbivore with one individual of plant A. Record the length of time the herbivore takes to find and consume the plant. Repeat 10 times; then replicate with plant B.

b. Place one herbivore with unlimited access to individuals of both plant species. Count the number of each plant species the herbivore consumes in a fixed time period. Replicate with the same and with additional individual herbivores.

c. Place one herbivore with 10 individuals of plant A on its right and 10 individuals of plant B on its left. Measure the time the herbivore takes to turn either left or right and approach the food. Repeat with the same and with other individual herbivores.

d. Capture 10 individual herbivores from a natural population, extract their gut contents (non-fatally, of course), and compare the numbers whose guts contain each of the two plant species.

Explanation / Answer

1. c. secondary consumers.

Sea otters are secondary consumers. Sea urchins are primary consumers, sea otters eat sea urchins, so they are secondary consumers.

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