I am having so much trouble understanding how to do this; I\'m trying to identif

Question

I am having so much trouble understanding how to do this; I'm trying to identify the two components of an alcohol mixture using fractional distillation (the red line on the graph), but I don't know which temperature on the table is supposed to be used to identify the first alcohol, nor do I understand where the end point for the volume I need to use to determine the percent composition of the first alcohol. I would really appreciate detailed help with this.
160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 Simple vs Fractional Distillation of Mixed Unknown Simple distillation temperature ('C) Fractional distillation temperature c)

Explanation / Answer

Looking at the distillate graph (red line)

You get first horizontal line starting at 114 oC, the volume collected would be = (4-2) = 2.0 ml (approximately)

This could be the first component in pure form.

If the total volume = 20 ml (end of red line)

percent first component fraction = 2 x 100/20 = 10%

The region between 117 oC to 150 oC is mostly a mixture.

Second fraction is collected at 150 oC,

volume of second fraction = (20 - 12) = 8 ml

percent first component fraction = 8 x 100/20 = 40% ml in pure form

The pure components are collected at the horizontal lines in the graph.

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