1. Glutamate-glutamine cycling is a vital CNS function. This phenomenon is enabl

Question

1. Glutamate-glutamine cycling is a vital CNS function. This phenomenon is enabled by:

neurons

astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

2. Glutamate-glutamine cycling prevents excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Does excitotoxicity put neuronal mitochondria at risk?

yes

no

3. Neurosecretion is an on-going vital ability that occurs many times per:

millisecond

second

minute

4. Action potentials enable rapid information transmission:

over distances measured in meters

to and from the CNS

in the format of cycles per second

all of the above.

Explanation / Answer

1.  Glutamate-glutamine cycling is a vital CNS function. This phenomenon is enabled by: Astrocytes

2. Glutamate-glutamine cycling prevents excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Does excitotoxicity put neuronal mitochondria at risk? Yes

Excitotoxicity by allowing high levels of calcium ions (Ca2+) to enter the cell,.Excess calcium in the cytosol is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.  Opening of the pore may cause mitochondria to swell and release reactive oxygen species.

3. Neurosecretion is an on-going vital ability that occurs many times per: milliseconds

4. Action potentials enable rapid information transmission: all of the above

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