1. The sensory input that enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex is mediated by: cr

Question

1. The sensory input that enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex is mediated by:

cranial nerve pair II (optic)

cranial nerve pair VIII (vestibulocochlear)

the medial longitudinal fasciculus

2. The central integration that enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex occurs within the:

medial longitudinal fasiculus

brainstem’s vestibular nuclei

sensory cortex

3. What role does the medial longitudinal fasciculus play within the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

sensory input

central integration

motor output

4. The animal in our case study was balanced whether it was moving, standing still, or suddenly turning its head to one side. Balance requires the use of antigravity muscles attached to the axial skeleton and legs. Posture control tends to be mediated by the -loop. This means that brainstem premotor neurons control spinal cord -motor neurons:

directly

indirectly

5. Where are the premotor neurons that control the -loop?

motor cortex

brainstem

deep cerebellar nuclei

6. Which pair of fiber tracts helps control the -loop?

corticospinal

vestibulospinal

tectospinal

Explanation / Answer

Question 1.

Answer: The sensory input that enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex is mediated by: cranial nerve pair VIII (vestibulocochlear).The vestibulocochlear nerve, known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance. It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone.

Question No 2.

Answer:The central integration that enables the vestibulo-ocular reflex occurs within the: brainstem’s vestibular nuclei.

Question No 3.

Answer: The medial longitudinal fasciculus plays role in Sensory Output.It connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (Oculomotor nerve), IV (Trochlear nerve) and VI (Abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear nerve). It is an integral component of saccadic eye movements as well as vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes.

Quesion No 4.

Answer:

Question No 5.

Answer: The premotor neurons that control the -loop are present in brainstem.The -loop is an information pathway whereby premotor neurons in the brainstem control the output of the spinal cord -motor neurons that innervate anti-gravity muscles.

Question No 6.

Answer: Vestibulospinal are the pair of fiber tracts helps that control the -loop.

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