Based on intermolecular forces predict which of the following substance has the

Question

Based on intermolecular forces predict which of the following substance has the given property:

                           [ Select ]                       ["HCl", "Ar", "F2", ""]         highest boiling point: HCl, Ar, or F2

                           [ Select ]                       ["H2O", "NaCl", "HF"]         highest freezing point: H2O, NaCl, HF

                           [ Select ]                       ["Cl2", "Br2", "I2"]         lowest vapor pressure at 25 C: Cl2, Br2, I2

                             [ Select ]                       ["N2", "CO", "CO2"]         Lowest freezing point: N2, CO, CO2

                           [ Select ]                       ["CH3OCH3", "CH3CH2OH", "CH3CH2CH3"]         greatest heat of vaporization: CH3OCH3, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH3

Explanation / Answer

1. highest boiling point: HCl

2. highest freezing point:NaCl

3. lowest vapor pressure at 25 C: I2

4. greatest heat of vaporization: CH3CH2OH

Explanation:

1. Ar and F2 have no dipoles but HCl does so HCl molecules require more heat to separate from their neighbours.
2. The strongest intermolecular force in HF and H2O is hydrogen bonding. NaCl has very strong ionic bonds which must be overcome to separate the ions on melting.

3. I2 is solid at room temperature hence it will have almost negiligible vapor pressure

4. hydrogen bonding present in ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) makes it highest boiling point liquid compare to non-hydrogen bonding molecules acetone (CH3OCH3) and propane ( CH3CH2CH3).

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