1) Provide an example of and explain how a leukocyte and a soluble factor it sec
ID: 52206 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Provide an example of and explain how a leukocyte and a soluble factor it secretes can have protective as well as destructive consequences.
2) What links Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation with expression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines?
3)How are Natural Killer (NK) cells prevented from attacking uninfected immune cells?
4) How are Natural Killer T (NKT) cells different from conventional T cells with respect to their T cell receptors (TCRs) and the non-self-antigens they recognize?
5)What distinguishes neutrophil recruitment in the context of systemic versus local infection? Hint: It has to do with chemotactic gradients?
**I want to see if my answers match up with other peoples' answers
Explanation / Answer
The leukocytes and their soluble factors recognises the viruses and viruses infected cells and the killing of these cells is mediated by different soluble factors secreted by the leukocytes.When overproduction of these soluble factors occurs, they can destruct the neighbour cells and othe non infected cells also. The pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) of the bacteria, viruses and fungus are the main causes of activation of toll like receptors. Since these patterns also associated with the activation of cytokines and chemokines. Thus PAMPs are the links in toll like receptors activation and expression of inflammartory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. NK cells have two types of surface receptor that control their action on any cell. One type is an ‘activating receptor including calcium-binding C-type lectins’ which triggers killing by the NK cell. A second set of receptors inhibit activation, and prevent NK cells from killing normal host cells. These ‘inhibitory receptors’ are specific for MHC class I alleles, which helps to explain why NK cells selectively kill target cells bearing low levels of MHC class I molecules.
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