Diazotization reactions are usually performed at low temperatures (o tempe are u

Question

Diazotization reactions are usually performed at low temperatures (o tempe are unstable at higher 614 UNIT 21 DYES AND PIGMENTS carried out with a slight molar excess One nitrite (about 10% excess), and a 3-fold molar excess of mineral acid. hoe is a and the third mole is needed for the actual avoid its coupling with the salt protonated and complex and we is any unreacted reaction mechanism for salts are when formed yaee they as it forms. The sinoe solution where they were with it directly in the not isolated as solids, but used Na NCT 2, H2O Naa 2 HCI NaNo2 salts and aromatic comp The reaction between substitution mechanism. The diazonium salt i place by an by the aromatic ring. Only phenols, anilines, and other the electrophile attacked (-NR2, -OH, -OR aee aromatic compounds with electron-donating substituents reaction normally occ good substrates coupling to The coupling position When the para is already occupied ortho substitution takes place. The example below the coupling of a diazonium salt with NN-dimethylaniline. Naphthols and naphthylamines) are widely used in the manufacture of azo 1-Naphthols (and 1-naphthylamines) react with diazonium dyes if it is free. If this position is occupied salts at the 4 position place by another substituent, then coupling takes 2. On position the other hand, 2-naphthols (and couple exclusively at position 1; no coupling at the other ortho position (position 30 takes 10 Azo is affected by pH.There is usually an optimum pH range which to coupling strongly perform the pH because diazoni salts undergo is range for the coupling of undesirable side reactions. The recommended um for coupling of phenois at phenols 9-10 because phenoxide ions, activa than undissociated higher 14), are much more strongly phenols. The optimum pH for the

Explanation / Answer

Azide is conjugated base therefore in acidic medium it will be as hydrazoic acid (HN3).

Azide is the anion with the formula (N3)-.

The azide anion behaves as a nucleophile; it undergoes nucleophilic substitution for both aliphatic and aromatic systems.
So first eaquivalent of HCl used for diazotisation & remaining Two are used for formation of azide.

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