1.Explain how the amount of sample injected onto a column affects the separation

Question

1.Explain how the amount of sample injected onto a column affects the separation of a two-component mixture.

2.What effect would each of the following have on the retention times?

a.increase the column temperature

b.increase the flow rate of the carrier gas

c.use a more polar column

3.A student neglected to add sulfuric acid to the reaction mixture. What is the expected outcome? Explain.

4.A possible side product from the experiment is dibutyl ether. Where in the procedure is this compound removed?

5.Explain where the alkenyl side products are removed in the experimental procedure.

Explanation / Answer

1.  If too much of the sample is injected, the peaks show a significant tailing, which causes a poorer separation.

2. (a) and (b)
High temperatures and high flow rates decrease the retention time, but also deteriorate the quality of the separation.

(c) If the polarity of the stationary phase and compound are similar, the retention time increases because the compound interacts stronger with the stationary phase. As a result, polar compounds have long retention times on polar stationary phases and shorter retention times on non-polar columns using the same temperature.

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