Which of the following can cause abnormally high levels of ketone bodies to be p

Question

Which of the following can cause abnormally high levels of ketone bodies to be present in the blood? a. diabetes b. low carb diet c. starvation d. all of the responses are correct Two of the ketone bodies are? a. acidic b. Neutral c. basic The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood is termed a. acidosis b. alkalosis c. ketonuria d. Ketonemia Which one of the following ketone bodies cannot be used as an energy source? a. beta-hydroxybutyrate b. acetone c. acetoacetate d. all can be used as an energy source e. ketone bodies are not energy sources The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _?_ of the cell. a. matrix b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. Cytoplasm Where in the body are acetoacetate und beta-hydroxybutyrate primarily produced? a. muscle b. red blood cell c. muscle d. Brain e. liver In the fatty acid synthetase system, acetyl CoA is converted back into a fatty acid. How many acetyl-CoA is are used in making an 18-carbon fatty acid? a. 10 b. c. 18 d 36 e. 8 What organ accounts for about 60% of the free glucose usage when the body is in the resting state? a. heart b. brain c. liver d. muscle c. adipose A key organ in regulating blood glucose levels is the a. heart b. Liver c. adrenal cortex d. Thyroid Which of the following hormones is secreted by the a-cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to increased blood glucose levels? a. cortisone b. insulin c. glucagon d adrenalin c. epinephrine Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels by inducing the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose by gluconeogenesis? a. glucagon b. insulin c. cortisone d. adrenalin e. epinephrine

Explanation / Answer

Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body. Ketones are always present in the blood and their levels increase during fasting low carbohydrate diets, starvation and prolonged exercise. Both acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyric acid are acidic and, if levels of these ketone bodies are too high, the pH of the blood drops, resulting in ketoacidosis. Accumulation of large quantities of ketone bodies (acetones) in the blood is termed as ketoacidosis or acidosis.

Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce energy. Ketone bodies are produced when glucose is not available as fuel source. Transport of fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane is an important regulatory point.

Based on above explanation answers are given below:

22. d, 23. a, 24. a, 25. b,

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