A solution of nicotine in water containing 1% nicotine is to be extracted with k

Question

A solution of nicotine in water containing 1% nicotine is to be extracted with kerosene at 293K. Water and kerosene are essentially insoluble. Assume the equilibrium relationship to be: Y = 0.9X Where, Y = kg nicotine/kg kerosene X = kg nicotine/kg water Determine the difference between the % extraction of nicotine in a) one stage and b) three stages. Case 1: For one stage, 100kg of feed solution is extracted using 150kg of solvent. Case 2: For three stages, 100kg of feed solution is extracted using 50kg of solvent In each stage.

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

The computation are expressed below,

Case 1:

xF = 0.01 (1%)

xF' = 0.01 / (1-0.01) = 0.0101

F = 100 kg

water, A = 100 / (1 - 0.01) = 99 kg

A/B = 99 / 150 = 0.66

X,Y plot gives for the d=intercept of slope = -0.66 gives,

xl' = 0.00425, yl' = 0.0038

Case 2:

For each stage, A/B = 99/50 = 1.98

for this construction is started at F for the operating slope = -1.98

raffinate of x3' = 0.0034

Hence extracted nicotine is,

= 99(0.0101 - 0.0034) = 0.663 kg (66.3%) of nicotine is extracted

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