7. briefly describe the two alcohol fermentation reactions of pyruvate. Identify

Question

7. briefly describe the two alcohol fermentation reactions of pyruvate. Identify the enzymes and any co-factors used in the reactions

c. What is the overall net of ATP from glycolysis? 3. What are isozymes? Which enzyme(s) involved in glycolysis is/are isozymes? 4. What is substrate level phosphorylation? How does it differ from oxidative phosphorylation? 5. Name the three reactions that are the control points of glycolysis. 6. During anaerobic glycolysis in contracting muscles, what compound is produced? What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? 7. Briefly describe the two alcohol fermentation reactions of pyruvate. Identify the enzymes and any cofactors used in the reactions

Explanation / Answer

7) Glucose is the starting material for both alcoholic fermentation and glycolysis. Alcoholic fermentation follows the same enzymatic pathway for the first 10 steps of glycolysis. The last enzyme of glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase, is replaced by two enzymes in alcoholic fermentation. These two enzymes, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcoholic dehydrogenase, convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.

Glycolysis equation-

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 CH3COCOO^ + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2O + 2 H+

CH3 COCOO^ is pyruvate. Now, this pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO2 in two steps process.

The two alcohol fermentation reactions of pyruvate are following.

1. CH3COCOO^ + H^+ CH3CHO + CO2

Above reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. Pyruvate decarboxylase starts this process by converting pyruvate into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Pyruvate decarboxylase depends on cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate and magnesium.

2. CH3CHO + NADH+ H^+ C2H5OH + NAD+

Above reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase. Hydrogen atoms from NADH and H^+ are used to convert acetaldehyde to ethanol and NAD+. Alcohol dehydrogenase depends on cofactors NADH and H^+

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