The separation purification process of mixture of naphthalene, p-nitroaniline an

Question

The separation purification process of mixture of naphthalene, p-nitroaniline and benzoic acid consisted of a series of extractions of the ether solution of the mixture with 6M HCl and 1M NaOH. Explain the purpose of each extraction and clearly indicate where the aqueous and organic layers were (top or bottom) and why each layer was where it was. Indicate what was in the aqueous and ether layers in each case. Use chemical equations to support your answers: a) Extraction with 6M HCI b) Extraction with 1M NaOH c) What was the purpose of anhydrous CaCl_2. Give another compound that can be used for the same purpose d) How was the naphthalene separated from the ether? e) What was the purpose of adding 8M NaOH to the acidic extracts? Use a chemical equation to support your answer. f) What was the purpose of adding 6M HCl to the basic extracts? Use a chemical equation to support your answer. g) How were the crystals of benzoic acid and p-nitroaniline separated from their respective aqueous solutions? (A) Evaporation (B) suction filtration

Explanation / Answer

Extraction and separation,

a) 6 M HCl : It reacts with p-nitroaniline to form a salt and goes in the water layer (bottom layer)

p-nitroanilinium chloride is in H2O layer. The other two stay in ether layer (top).

b) 1 M NaOH : It reacts with benzoic acid and forms benzoiate which goes in H2O phase (bottom layer).

naphthalene stays in ether layer (top layer)

c) anhydrous CaCl2 : absorbs H2O from the organic layer (ether extract)

d) naphthalene is separated in ether layer.

e) Crystals of p-nitroaniline and benzoic acid are separated by suction filtration after basification and acidification respectively.

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