3. (1 point each) For each of the following, indicate whether the enzyme-catalyz

Question

3. (1 point each) For each of the following, indicate whether the enzyme-catalyzed reaction would increase, decrease, or not change the rate of reaction.

a. Raising the temperature slightly.

b. Raising the temperature to boiling.

c. Changing the pH toward the optimal pH for the enzyme.

d. Introducing a competitive inhibitor.

4. (2 points) Are most chemical reactions in living cells at equilibrium? Briefly explain your answer.

5. (2 points) In the energy diagram below, which of the energy changes would be the same in both the enzyme-catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions? (Choose a, b, c, d, or e). Briefly explain your answer.

6. (2 points) Do enzymes lower the change in free energy (DG) of a reaction? How do enzymes make reactions faster?

Explanation / Answer

3. Enzymes act as catalysts and decrease the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. However, other factors such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration also influence the rate of reaction.

a. Raising the temperature slightly. --------> A slight raise in temperature activate the enezymes, so the rate of reaction increases.

b. Raising the temperature to boiling. ------> Toomuch increase in temperature denatures the enzymes. so the rate of reaction decreases.

c. Changing the pH toward the optimal pH for the enzyme. --------> All enzymes work best at a certain pH (Eg: pepsin best act at pH 2), so changing the pH toward the optimal pH for the enzyme inceases the rate of reaction.

d. Introducing a competitive inhibitor.------------> Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme in place of substartes and decreases the rate of reaction (if the substarte concentration is low, and inhibitor concentartion is enough high).

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