Hello, I need help answering the following post-lab questions. The lab was Synth

Question

Hello, I need help answering the following post-lab questions. The lab was Synthesis of Aniline (Pt 1 and 2). Please be as thorough as possible and discuss any intermolecular forces at play whenever relevant to the question. Thank you for your help!!!

Synthesis of Aniline (part I& 2) 1. Why must the solution be made alkaline (ie. addition of NaOH) before steam distillation? 2. If NaOH (in question 1) was not added to the solution, and you then extracted with methylene chloride, what layer/phase would the product be found? Why? 3. a)Why is it necessary to use steam distillation instead of extraction? b) What is the issue encountered by use of steam distillation? 4. Why is it a better idea to use steam distillation rather than simple distillation in part I 5. Why is tin (with hydrochloric acid) the most commonly used reducing agent?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1 :

The ateam distillation is used to seperate the components by condensing the vapours.

The alkali NaOh is added to make the solution alkaline so that all the anilium ions are converted into aniline molecules . These aniline molecules exert a higher vapour pressure than the ion and can be collected in the distillate.

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