Question 1 Select one answer. 10 points When any two species are compared, biolo

ID: 54854 • Letter: Q

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Question 1

Select one answer.

10 points

When any two species are compared, biologists can find many detailed similarities in their cell structures and genetic sequences. For example, a yeast cell (fungus) has many genes and proteins that are a close match to similar structures found in human cells. How do biologists interpret such similarities?

They are likely to be inherited from a common ancestor and are evidence of the relatedness of all life.

They are probably just a coincidence because organisms as different as yeast and humans are not related to each other.

They are adaptations to a similar lifestyle but came from a different source because animals and fungi do not have a common ancestor.

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Biomedical research is directed at finding ways to support and protect human health. Where can biologists look if they wish to learn more about the detailed inner workings of the human body?

Biomedical research can be done on a huge range of different species – everything from yeast to worms to monkeys. Humans are related to all life forms to some degree, and we can study all of them to learn more about our bodies and cells.

Biomedical research must be done on living human subjects, cultured human tissues, or cadavers (recently deceased humans). Studies of other organisms cannot be applied to address human health concerns.

Biomedical research can be done on humans or on a few very closely related species – primates such as monkeys and apes. Other species do not offer useful information about humans, because they are not related to us.

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following is an example of a characteristic under sexual selection?

Antlers on an elk

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Fur color in dogs

All of these are

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

At the point labeled “2” in the diagram above, downward-pointing nostrils evolved. Which of the following groups should share this homologous feature with humans?

Tarsiers

Apes and Old world monkeys

Lemurs and lorises

New world monkeys

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

You can group modern birds and Ceratosauria in a clade that does not include Sauropodomorpha

True

False

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Sickle cell anemia is a disorder that results when a person is born homozygous for a certain hemoglobin allele (aa). What is the connection between malaria and sickle cell anemia?

The sickle cell allele makes the effects of malaria even worse; therefore it is absent from regions where malaria is common.

The sickle cell allele protects against malaria in individuals that suffer from sickle cell anemia (aa homozygotes). These individuals reproduce better than average wherever malaria is common.

The sickle cell allele protects against malaria in heterozygotes (Aa). Therefore the allele is very frequent in regions where malaria is common.

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Which are homologous features?

similar hind leg shape in hopping animals (grasshoppers, rabbits, fleas, kangaroos, frogs, etc.)

similar details of bone shape and arrangement in the vertebrate forelimb

similar overall body shape in creatures that live underwater (streamlining)

similar coloration (white in winter) in various Arctic bird and mammal species

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

A biological lineage is a group of ____________ that evolves as an independent unit.

alleles

cells

populations

unrelatedspecies

genes

Question 9

Select one answer.

10 points

Why does antibiotic resistance become more common among bacteria when they are exposed to antibiotics?

The antibiotics cause mutations to occur in individual bacteria. These mutations make the bacteria resistant to the drugs.

Bacteria vary in how well they tolerate antibiotics. If a bacterial population is exposed to antibiotics, resistant individuals reproduce better and their frequency increases over time.

Individual bacteria become immune or accustomed to the antibiotics as they are exposed to the drugs. The longer a cell is exposed, the more resistant it becomes.

Question 10

Select one answer.

10 points

A population of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria infects an individual human being. The allele frequencies in the population change over several weeks as the person is treated with a powerful antibiotic. This is a good example of…

microevolution

macroevolution

Question 11

Select one answer.

10 points

A flowering shrub is introduced to North America as an ornamental plant. Beetles that normally feed on a different North American plant species begin to live and feed on the introduced shrub. Their appearance and seasonal schedule begin to shift as they adapt to feeding on the new plant host. Gradually the beetles on the introduced shrub form a distinct species that does not breed with the original source population of beetles. This is an example of ___________.

allopatric speciation

genetic drift

sympatric speciation

Question 12

Select one answer.

10 points

Over several thousand years, many new species of cichlids (small fish) arose and adapted to specific habitats and lifestyles within Africa’s Lake Tanganyika. This is a good example of…

microevolution

macroevolution

Question 13

Select one answer.

10 points

Ideally, in modern biology a taxonomic group such as the Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) is…

a collection of unrelated species that share a few key characteristics such as a flat body shape.

a clade that includes all of the descendants of a common ancestor and are united by one or more inherited characteristics.

Question 14

Select one answer.

10 points

Which is most likely to be a single gene pool? All of the genes and alleles that are found in…

all of the different species of birds that live in the State of Wisconsin.

all individuals of a single species of bird (the Piping Plover) along the beaches of the Great Lakes in the Midwestern United States.

all individuals of a widespread species of bird, including individuals living in Asia, Africa, North America, and Australia.

the cells of a single bird.

Question 15

Select one answer.

10 points

Worldwide, most adult humans cannot digest lactose (milk sugar) and become sick if they drink milk. When people in Europe and parts of Africa domesticated livestock and began to use milk as a source of food, individuals who could better tolerate lactose were better able to grow, survive, and produce offspring. As a result, alleles for adult lactose tolerance became common in these milk-drinking populations. This is a good example of…

genetic drift

artificial selection

natural selection

gene flow

sexual selection

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Explanation / Answer

Ans:They are likely to be inherited from a common ancestor and are evidence of the relatedness of all life.

Biomedical research is directed at finding ways to support and protect human health. Where can biologists look if they wish to learn more about the detailed inner workings of the human body?

Ans: Biomedical research can be done on a huge range of different species – everything from yeast to worms to monkeys. Humans are related to all life forms to some degree, and we can study all of them to learn more about our bodies and cells.

Which of the following is an example of a characteristic under sexual selection?

Ans:Antlers on an elk

Question 4

Ans:New world monkeys

You can group modern birds and Ceratosauria in a clade that does not include Sauropodomorpha

Ans: True

Sickle cell anemia is a disorder that results when a person is born homozygous for a certain hemoglobin allele (aa). What is the connection between malaria and sickle cell anemia?

Ans:The sickle cell allele protects against malaria in heterozygotes (Aa). Therefore the allele is very frequent in regions where malaria is common.

Which are homologous features?

Ans:a. similar hind leg shape in hopping animals (grasshoppers, rabbits, fleas, kangaroos, frogs, etc.)

A biological lineage is a group of ____________ that evolves as an independent unit.

Ans:d. populations

Why does antibiotic resistance become more common among bacteria when they are exposed to antibiotics?

Ans:a. Individual bacteria become immune or accustomed to the antibiotics as they are exposed to the drugs. The longer a cell is exposed, the more resistant it becomes.

Ans:microevolution

ans: allopatric speciation

Over several thousand years, many new species of cichlids (small fish) arose and adapted to specific habitats and lifestyles within Africa’s Lake Tanganyika. This is a good example of…

Ans.b. macroevolution

Ideally, in modern biology a taxonomic group such as the Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) is…

Ans:a. a clade that includes all of the descendants of a common ancestor and are united by one or more inherited characteristics.

Which is most likely to be a single gene pool? All of the genes and alleles that are found in…

ans:all individuals of a widespread species of bird, including individuals living in Asia, Africa, North America, and Australia.

ans:natural selection

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