F) Eletronegativity: Linus Pauling defined electronegativity as, The power of an
ID: 550646 • Letter: F
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F) Eletronegativity: Linus Pauling defined electronegativity as, The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. Often electronegativity is set on a relative scale. Pauling's scale assigns 4.0 to fluorine (the most electronegative element) and sets the other elements relative to uorine. Electronegativity will be discussed much more as we discuss chemical bonding and it is very useful in understanding physical properties and chemical reactivity. Figure 6: Pauling Electronegativity vs. Atom number Pauling Electronegativity vs. Atom Number 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 10 15 20 Atomic Number 32) Figure 6 is a plot of Pauling electronegativity vs, atomie number. Find any trend down a group and across a period and list is here. 33) Explain why these trends occur. Try to use what you know about atoms and the concepts of electron affinity and ionization energy in your explanation. 34) Why is Group 8A not included when discussing trends in electronegativity?Explanation / Answer
32. As the atomic number increases, the electronegativity decreases within a group. As the atomic number increases, the electronegativity increases within a period.
33. Electronegativities of the elements in the same Period increases as we go from left to right across the period because of the increase in the nuclear charge, atomic radius decreases due to which the power of the atom's nucleus to attract electrons to itself increases i.e electron affinity increases and thus electronegativity increases.
The electronegativities of the elements in a Group decrease as we move down the group from top to bottom because an increase in atomic radius increases the number of completed electron shells (energy levels) due to which the power of the atom's nucleus to attract electrons to itself decreases i.e electron affinity decreases, therefore, electronegativity decreases.
34. Group 8A or Noble gases are not included when discussing trends in electronegativity because they do not easily form chemical bonds.
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