ALKYL HALIDE REACTIVITIES IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION s--PRELAB Prelab
ID: 551388 • Letter: A
Question
ALKYL HALIDE REACTIVITIES IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION s--PRELAB Prelab Report: Due at the Beginning of the Lab Period Name Lab Section (Circle One Mon Taes Wed Thar Fri AMPM 1. The sodium iodidefacetone reagent classifies alkyl halides according to what? 2. The silver nitrate/ethanol reagent classifies alkyl halides according to wha? sitive reaction is noted between Nal/acetone and 1-chlorobutane, what is the precipitate that is ormed? 4. If a positive reaction is noted between silver nitrate/ethanol and t-butyl bromide, what is the that is formed? 5. What is a lachrymator? 73Explanation / Answer
ANSWER:
Q1. NaI/acetone reagent can be used to determine wheather the alkyl halide is Chloride or bromide. This reagent can also be used to determine wheather the alkyl chloride/bromide is primary, secondary or tertiary.
R-X + NaI(in acetine) -----------> R-I + NaX, X = Cl/Br
NaCl and NaBr are insoluble in acetone hence form a precipitate. NaI is soluble in acetone. The reaction is SN2 hence rate of reactivity is primary>secondary>tertiary. primary bromides form ppt at room temperature within 3 minutes. Secondary and tertiary bromides need to be heated at 50oC. Primary and secondary chlorides need to be heated while as tertiary chlorides do not react in appreciable time.
Q2, The siliver nitrateethanol reagent can be used to determine the nature of halogen (chloride, bromide or iodie) and to know wheather the alkyl halide is primary secondary or tertiary.
R-X + AgNO3 ------> AgX + RONO2
A white ppt soluble in NH4OH indicates X = Cl. A yellowish ppt sparingly soluble in NH4OH indicates X = Br and a yellow ppt insoluble in NH4OH indicates X = I.
Q3. ClCH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Na/acetone --------> ICH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + NaCl(s)
A ppt of NaCl is formed as it is insoluble in acetone.
Q4. (CH3)3C-Br + AgNO3 -------> (CH3)3C-ONO2 + AgBr(s)
A ppt of AgBr is formed.
NOTE: Please send others separately.
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