It is Environmental Chemistry question from the book, The book is ( Chemistry of

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It is Environmental Chemistry question from the book, The book is ( Chemistry of the environment (2012, 3rd edition) by Spiro. Please answer as soon as posible, WIll rate. Thank you in advance.

Perceiving Risk 75 LABORATORY PROCEDURES: RISK ASSESSMENT 1 List as many possible routes of exposure to pesticides as you can think of for an adult 2 If you eat a salad made with lettuce, carrots, and walnuts that have each been sprayed human and for a 2-year-old. Consider all forms of pesticides, not just food-use pesticides. with a different type of pesticide, what factors would you need to take into consideration in order to estimate the risks associated with eating this salad? 3 Consider the following statement by Lombardo and Yess6 about weighing the risks and the benefits of pesticide use The concept of relative risk is a difficult one to communicate to the general public.... Benefits are usually expressed in economic terms and are perceived as an advantage to business interests, while risks are expressed in life span, injury, or other physiological consequences that have emotional connotations and can be related to individual concerns. Economic benefits to the consumer from pesticide use in terms of a higher quality, more abundant, cheaper food supply have apparently not been effectively communicated. "Despite the fact that the U.S. population is now the longest lived and best protected in history, the overall perception by most Americans is that they face more risks today than ever before and that the risks will continue to increase in the future." In the context of the reading in the section above, what do you think might be going on in the minds of the American people that would make them feel this way? Write a half page or so to explain your reasoning in some detail.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1> For an adult man the possible ways are: i) Eating water breeded species such as fish, herbs. The water used for breeding may be contaminated with pesticides running in from adjacent agricultural fields or industries. ii) Direct skin contact of pesticides to farmers working in the farms and agricultutural fields. iii) Insecticides sprayed inside our house or localities are also a source of getting exposed to them. iv) Drinking improperly filtered water contaminated with pesticides. v) Labourers working in pest industries have a hugh chance of getting exposed to the pesticides directly.

For a 2 year old child possible ways of exposure are: i) Drinking water contaminated with pesticides. ii) Pesticides sprayed inside their home or garden can also act as a source of pesticide exposure to them. iii) Although a 2 year old child has a limited diet but still there is a chance of getting exposed to contaminated foods. So altogether there are considerable amount of risks for both the adult man and the 2 year old child. Moreover only a little exposure is enough to cause a damage to the living system. The child has a less dveloped immune machinery so he is more prone to damage in exposure to pesticides.

Ans 2> If all of them the lattuce, walnut and carrot have been sprayed with pesticides then there are various things I have to keep in mind. I have to gain a better knowledge about the composition of the pesticides being used. Also what are the changes that they make to them rather whether they get incorporated in those salads internaly or they are just present on their surface. If they are only associated to the surface then they should be subjected to rigorous washing inorder to detach them thoroughly from the surface. For estamting the risks we should also take an insight into the degrees of contmination that is in which stage of their cultivation where they being treated with the pesticide. The best psossible way is to stay away from those salads but if we wish to eat them then we should be knowing these factors inorder to minimise the risks.

Ans 3> The American minds are more concerned about the hazards rather than the economic benefits. Learned minds are often difficult to convince against the health and hazardous effects of pesticides. American people undestand the hazardous effetcs in consuming pesticide treated foods. The economic benefits of pesticide treated foods are far lower to them in respect to the hazards in their consumption. This depict the quality of learned minds in Americans. The extent of education and awareness wins here. As technology gets advanced our industries start using more cost effective and biofortified ways of agronomy. But often these processes lack in their proper examination before being patented that is they are not properly tested of being hazard free. Educated and scientific people know these facts but those making such comments about increasing risks in the future are generally over biased about the emotional connotations. So the american minds though are in a way more awared and concerned about those hazards but making such comments of increasing risks in the future indicate their bend towards emotional connotations in the damage caused by the consumption of the pesticide treated foods.

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