Ecological Concepts We have learned a lot of important ecological concepts this

Question

Ecological Concepts

We have learned a lot of important ecological concepts this unit. Briefly explain TWO of the following ecological concepts and provide an example for each you described. I expect more than just a sentence for each; demonstrate depth, breadth and application in your responses.

Ecological succession - include what it is and the difference between primary and secondary

One-way flow of energy between trophic levels - what does this mean and address why energy is not cycled like nutrients

Limiting factors - what are they and provide two specific examples

Carrying capacity - what is it and how it may be affected over time

Explanation / Answer

Colonization of an area that has not been previously occupied by an ecological community at any time period is primary succession. For example, newly exposed rock or sand surfaces, lava flows, newly exposed glacial tills, etc.

Successional dynamics following severe disturbance or removal of a pre-existing community by earthquakes etc are called secondary succession.

Also, the factor that is present in the least quantity that limits a phenomenon, provided that other factors are present in optimum quantities is called the limiting factor.

Limiting factors like the availability of food, water, shelter and space can change animal and plant populations. Other limiting factors like competition for resources, predation and disease can also impact populations.

Carrying capacity of a species in the environment is the maximum population size of the species that can be sustained indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.

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