1. How might self-fertilization be prevented in moss plants that produce both an

Question

1. How might self-fertilization be prevented in moss plants that produce both antheridia and archegonia in the same tip?

2. Why do bryophytes not grow tall?

3. What is the advantage of the gametangia in ferns being on the lower surface if the gametophyte?

4. Is there any advantage to the gametangia being more exposed, as in the bryophytes?

5. What benefits does the evolution of the endosporic development give?

6.What evolutionary advances do ferns have over the bryophytes (in terms of gamete movement and spore production and dispersal)?

7. Compare and contrast the method of dispersal of ganetes and spores in both mosses and ferns.

Explanation / Answer

1. Antheridia is the male gametophyte and archegonia is the female gametophyte, these are produced at the tips of stems of mosses. Mosses grow in clumps, so there are more chances for cross-fertilization rather than self-fertilization if antheridia and archegonia are on separate male and female plants. In case of ferns, maturation of antheridia and archegonia at different times avoid self-fertilization.

2. Bryophytes are lack of efficient vascular system, they cannot grow too taller.

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