3. using the Txy or Pxy diagram provided, answer the following questions. the a.

Question

3. using the Txy or Pxy diagram provided, answer the following questions. the a. For a 50:50 mixture of benzene and toluene, what is b. For a 40% toluene vapor at 100°C what is the pressure at which c. What is the approximate composition of the first condensation d. Write Gibbs Phase Rule for a 40% benzene mixture at 1 atm and boiling point temperature at 1 atm system pressure? condensation first occurs? liquid in part b? 100°C. Benzene Toluene 115 110 105 100 95 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 s 900 800 700 600 500 al 0) 85 80 75 70 0. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Mole fraction benzene P= 1 atm 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Mole fraction benzene T= 100°C 1.0

Explanation / Answer

a] boiling point will be the point on the graph where liquid starts evaporating.

for 50:50 mixture the mole fraction will be 0.5.

So, in the first graph along 0.5 mole fraction as we go up liquid is changing into vapour but at 920C liquid starts changing into vapour so boling point of that mixture is 920C.

b] In the second case its reverse at 1000C, we refer to the second graph in which as we go up vapour changes into liquid.

for 40% toluene i.e. 0.4 mole fraction of toluene suggests 0.6 mole fraction of benzene so as we go up from 0.6 mole fraction the vapour start condensing around 880 mm of Hg.

c] from the second part at that same pressure 880 mm Hg the liquid curve line will give the liquid compostion in equilibrium with the vapour phase So we get 40% benzene and 60% toluene

d] F = C - P + 2

C = number of components

P = number of phases in equilibrium

F = degree of freedom

for 40 % benzene i.e. 0.4 mole fraction benzene at 1 atm and 1000C from the first graph, there are two phases present and there are two components.

so, degree of freedom will be,

F = 2-2+2 = 2

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