11. Argue why we should or should not be limited to 2 children per family. Or wh

Question

11. Argue why we should or should not be limited to 2 children per family. Or why a vegetarian diet would be more energy sustainable than a meat-based diet.

12. Trace the path of a molecule of carbon through the ecosystem. This is more complex than you might think. How would changes to the environment change any of the pathways in any way?

13. Why, if it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the northern hemisphere, do we see an overall increase in global CO2 concentrations?

14. Why does sexual selection violate the basic rules about natural selection?

15. What are the different ways in which sexual selection can take place? Why does sexual dimorphism occur?  

16. Why does diversity between individuals and between species create problems for determining what is a species and what is a variant?

17. Aside from natural selection, there are three other processes that can lead to evolution occurring in a population. What are they and how do they work?

18. What does the environment (at different scales) have to do with evolution and natural selection?

19. How can variation between organisms be maintained or created?

20. Explain how migration can lead to evolution or prevent it from happening.

Explanation / Answer

11. If we compare the average meat-based and plant based diet, we may find that meat-based diet includes large investment of land- and energy resources than vegetarian based diet. Thus vegetarian diet is more sustainable.

13. Northern and southern hemisphere have opposite seasons. Northern hemisphere has more land as compared to southern hemisphere and hence more plant life. Thus there is seasonal variations in CO2 concentrations that depende on the growing season in the Northern hemisphere.

17. Processes, other than natural selection, that lead to evolution may include migration, mutation, genetic drift.

Migration brings a change in gene frequencies as it adds more copies of an allele in the population. New alleles may also get introduced into the population. This brings variability in the population. Over the period of time, change in allele frequencies lead to evolution.

Mutation may create a new allele, hence change the existing allele frequency in a population

Genetic drift operates in small population. Chance events can drastically change allele frequencies in small populations.

            keeping these points in mind, random mating between organisms is one way to bring genetic variation.

20. Migration brings a change in gene frequencies as it adds more copies of an allele in the population. New alleles may also get introduced into the population. This brings variability in the population. Over the period of time, change in allele frequencies lead to evolution.

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