Thank you so much 37. Choose the correct statement. a) Nitrile groups are strong

Question

Thank you so much 37. Choose the correct statement. a) Nitrile groups are strongly activating in electrophilic aromatic substitutions since they donate electron density to the ring. b) Alkyl groups are activating in electrophilic aromatic substitutions since they donate electron density to the ring. c) Alkyl groups are deactivating in electrophilic aromatic substitutions since they have a lower energy of activation than benzene in the addition of the electrophile to the aromatic ring.- d) The trifluoromethyl group is deactivating in electrophilic aromatic substitutions since it withdraws electron density via resonance. e) The trifluoromethyl group is an ortho,para director in electrophilic aromatic substitutions since it donates electron density via resonance. 38. Choose the major product. C2 UV light d) 1-chlcro-4-propylbenzene a) 1-chloro-1-phenylpropane b) 2-chloro-1-phenylpropane c) 5,6-dichloro-1-propyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene e) 1-chloro-2-propylbenzene 39. Select the correct product. 1) KOH NH2)BrC(CH, O 3) NH2NH2, EtOH, reflux a) H,NC(CH,)s b) H,NNHC(CHy c) Etoc(CH)) d) (CHy),CNHC(CHy) e) 2-methylpropene

Explanation / Answer

Answer for 37th question is

b)Alkyl groups are activating in electrophilic aromatic substitution since they donate electron density to the ring

Explanation:

Activating groups increase the rate of reaction, relative to H

Deactivating groups decrease the rate of reaction, relative to H.

Activating groups tend to donate electron density to the ring.Deactivating groups tend to withdraw electron density to the ring.

Detailed explanation:

In CH3, the carbon atom is more electronegative than hydrogen.This means that the carbon attracts more than an equal share of electron-density from the covalent bond with H, resulting in a partial negative charge on carbon and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.This partial negative charge is then available to be donated to an adjacent atom.Hence CH3 as an electron-rich species; an electron-donor.It donate electron density to ring.

In CF3 the electrons are pulled in the opposite direction.Three highly electronegative fluorine atoms pull electron density away from the carbon atom, resulting in a partial positive charge on carbon.Rather than donate electron density, the carbon tends to accept electron density from adjacent atom (inductive effect).Thus CF3 is electron-acceptor.It withdraws electron density from ring.

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