membrane transport Compare the concentration of positively and negatively charge
ID: 57980 • Letter: M
Question
membrane transport Compare the concentration of positively and negatively charged ions inside and outside the cells? Plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Explain? What are the factors that affect the permeability of plasma membrane to solute and ions?. What are the two types of membrane transport proteins? Compare the two types of membrane proteins Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport. What are the forces which drive the passive transport? What are the different types of passive transport and give examples What are the tactics do the cell use to avoid osmotic swelling Describe Na + K + pump work Explain how ca2 + pump works in a cell What are coupled transporters? Explain the two types. Explain Glucose-Sodium symport Explain the two methods that enable epithelial cells to transport glucose across the gut lining Explain how proton pump works in a bacterial cell, animal cell and plant cell - Location, energy source and function; Be able to draw and explain the pumpsExplanation / Answer
2. Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane as it forms a barrier that blocks the free exchange of molecules between the cytoplasm and the external environment of the cell. Due to its structure the biological molecules unable to diffuse through the membrane (protein free phospholipid bilayer). Non polar molecules like oxygen and carbondioxide,water or urea etc dissolves in bilayer so they diffuse accross the membrane.The charged molecules are highly impermeable to membrane and so they need the carrier proteins for their transport.
4. They are two types of membrane proteins called as integral membrane proteins (present embeded inside the lipid bilayer) and extegral membrane proteins (present on superficial layer of lipid bilayer) depending on the nature of association with the membrane.The two types of the membrane transport proteins are the channel proteins as these are used for the free passage of the ions like sodium ,pottassium calcium, etc through the open pores of the membrane.The other type are the carrier proteins which act as selectively bind and transport the molecules like glucose by their conformation change and help in binding the molecules for the transport from inside to outside through the ATP driven active transport.
5. Active transport is an energy (ATP) driven transport done against concentration gradient mediated by the carrier proteins which results in the accumilation of the solute on oneside of the membrane. Wheras the passive transport occurs along the concentration gradient without the use of the energy.
6. Passive transport depends on the concentration gradient and membrane potential which is termed as the elecrochemical gradient.They are two types of the passive transport 1. simple diffusion where the molecules are simply dissolves in the phospholipid bilayer. There is no need of the membrane proteins .2. Facilitated diffusion here the movement of the solutes takes place with the concentration gradient but mediated by the membrane proteins.(channels, carriers).
7. membrane transport proteins needed for the facilitated diffusion are the channels (ion channels which are called the voltage gated ion channel, ligand gated channels) in plants and animals there are specialised water channels for flow of water called the aquaporins.
the transport through the carrier proteins are the transporters or permeases which binds noncovalently for example if glucose is to be transported the carrier protein is called the GLUT ie glucose transporter family.
1. The concentration of the ions inside and outside the cell should be maintained in equilibrium or else the cell will have disturbance in its structural integrity and electrolyte balance .
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