1. In order for a cell to receive a signal, it must possess an appropriate ____.

Question

1. In order for a cell to receive a signal, it must possess an appropriate ____.
a.glycolipid
b.glycoprotein
c.receptor
d.transfer protein
e.hormone
2. When a cell binds a signal molecule, it may affect ____.
a.gene activity
b.protein synthesis
c.cell division
d.secretion
e.all of these
3. Adjacent animal cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other.
a.gap junctions
b.plasmodesmata
c.hormones
d.desmosomes
e.neurotransmitters
4. Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other.
a.gap junctions
b.plasmodesmata
c.transport proteins
d.desmosomes
e.neurotransmitters
5. Receptors for polar molecules are found ____ while receptors for nonpolar molecules are located ____.
a.on the cell surface; within the cell
b.within the cell; on the cell surface
c.on the cell surface; on the nuclear membrane
d.on the nuclear membrane; on the cell surface
e.on the cell surface; within the membrane interior
6. What is the response of a cell surface receptor to the binding of a signal molecule?
a.The cell surface receptor denatures.
b.The signal is transduced through the plasma membrane into the cell.
c.The receptor relays a signal to another location of the cell surface.
d.The cell surface receptor flips through the membrane to the inside of the cell.
e.Polarization of the cell surface changes.
7. The surface receptors that recognize and bind signal molecules are ____.
a.glycoproteins
b.glycolipids
c.phospholipids
d.promoters
e.cadherins

8. Recognition of a chemical signal by a receptor protein in a membrane is most similar to ____.
a.mRNA specifying the sequence of amino acids in a specific metabolic pathway operating in an organelle
b.binding of a specific substrate to the active site of an enzyme
c.turning on transcription of a gene
d.allosteric regulation of proteins
e.an enzyme requiring a specific optimum pH and temperature for activity
9. In most cases, protein kinases ____.
a.add phosphate groups to proteins
b.bind cGMP
c.stimulate adenylyl cyclase
d.polymerize amino acids
e.hydrolyze proteins
10. What is the immediate result once a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase?
a.receptor dimerization
b.receptor trimerization
c.receptor denaturation
d.receptor polymerization
e.receptor hydrolysis
12. Structurally similar receptor tyrosine kinases have been found in all multicellular animals. This suggests that ________.
a.RTK genes are resistant to mutation
b.RTKs evolved relatively early in the history of animals
c.RTKs evolved from G proteins
d.RTKs cannot be involved in processes vital to animals
e.RTKs have evolved independently of each other in animals
13. Which one of the following is a common second messenger?
a.cGTP
b.cMHC
c.cATP
d.cAMP
e.cGDP
14. Many signal transduction pathways utilize second messengers to ____.
a.transport a signal through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
b.relay a signal from the outside of the cell to the inside
c.relay a signal from the inside of a cell membrane to the outside of the cell
d.decrease the message once the signal molecules have left the receptor
e.relay the message from the inner surface of the plasma membrane throughout the cytoplasm
15. The reason that some individual hormones have so many different effects is that
a.they influence gene transcription.
b.they trigger a second messenger system that produces a cascade effect.
c.there are a great many different cells in different tissues that have specific receptors for the hormone.
d.the hormone is carried throughout the body and only a small amount is needed to produce its effect.
e.they are polar molecules.

16. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones do not require a membrane receptor because they
a.are small enough to pass directly through the membrane.
b.are soluble in the lipid bilayer.
c.pass through special membrane channels.
d.are water-soluble.
e.dissolve in the cholesterol of the membranes.
17. Communication and integration of responses between simultaneously occurring cell signaling pathways is called ________.
a.mutualistic responding
b.effector coordination
c.cross-talk
d.amplification
e.signal transduction
18. The insulin receptor is an example of ____.
a.a G protein coupled receptor
b.a hydrophobic receptor
c.a hormone receptor
d.a receptor tyrosine kinase
e.an ion channel receptor
19. Each of the following is a type of cell surface receptor EXCEPT ____.
a.receptor tyrosine kinases
b.enzyme-linked receptors
c.G protein coupled receptors
d.steroid hormone receptors
e.chemically-gated ion channels
20. All of the following statements apply to G proteins EXCEPT ____.
a.G proteins transmit a signal from the cell surface to the interior of the cell
b.all G proteins have a similar structure
c.G proteins do not use a second messenger but transmit the signal directly to the nucleus
d.G proteins act to amplify the signal creating a cascade response in the cell
e.G proteins are the target of toxins released by some pathogenic bacteria

Explanation / Answer

Q1. c

Q2. e

Q3. a

Q4. b

Q5. a

Q6. b

Q7. a

Q8. b

Q9. a

Q10. a

Q12. b

Q13. d

Q14. b

Q15. c

Q16. b

Q17. c

Q18. d

Q19. e

Q20. c

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