1 : ():(2203) 105 () Fundamental constants 2,1 - +1 c = 3.0x108 m/s, e = 1.6x10\
ID: 584508 • Letter: 1
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: ():(2203) 105 () Fundamental constants 2,1 - +1 c = 3.0x108 m/s, e = 1.6x10", C, NA-6.02×1023 mor, R = 8.3 14 J/(Knol).1.38x10-23 J/K, h-6626x1034 Js, mesy 1. Below is a list of five of the most important scientists. Describe the signifi cance of their contributions to physical chemistry field. (10%) (1) Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 -April 28, 1903) (2) Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (February 20, 1844-September 5, 1906) (3) Max Karl Emst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858- October 4, 1947) (4) Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859- October 2, 1927) (5) Henry Eyring (February 20, 1901 - December 26, 1981) nsider 2 mole of an ideal monatomic gas at an initial pressure of 1.00 atm and ihitial temperature of 273.15 K. Assume it expandsadiabatically aganst a consExplanation / Answer
(1) Josiah Willard Gibbs wrote many papers on thermodynamics where he introduced relationship between
many thermoddynamic parameters like entropy, free energy and state variables like temperature.
G = H - TS = -RT ln K is one of the relationship he formulated in his papers.
He also gave the phase rule, F = C - P + 2
(2) Ludwig Boltzmann was a professor and he is known for the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution but
his insights into entropy and microstates relationship helped to establish the second law
of thermodynamics.
(3) Max Karl Earnst Ludwig Planck is known for formulating postulates and laws in quantum mechanics
however when in physical chemistry he established the third law of thermodynamics and explaining
the mechanical heat theory, efficiencies of the heat engines etc.
(4) Svante August Arrhenius is one of the founder of physical chemistry and is known for his
theories on acid & bases, ionic dissociation and the very famous Arrhenius equation which
relates the rate constants, activation energy and their corresponding temperatures.
(5) Henry Eyring is known for his transistion state theory on the chemical reactions.
He wrote many articles on the reaction rates of various chemical reactions and the intermediates
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