L A B 12 Enzymes PURPOSE . To observe how enzymes affect chemical reactions and
ID: 588310 • Letter: L
Question
L A B 12 Enzymes PURPOSE . To observe how enzymes affect chemical reactions and the effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. ACTIVITIES 1. Digestion of egg white by trypsin and pepsin. 2. Observing the effect of pH on the action of these two enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) THEORY Enzymes control almost all reactions in the body. Many different enzymes are required to break down food (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) into forms usable by the cells. Other en zymes are necessary for the cells to synthesize their own carbohydrates,lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, Enzymes are globular proteins that may contain one or more peptide chains folded into a specific three-dimensional structure. They act as biological catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate (speed) of a reaction. Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions that otherwise do not occur at all or are too slow to be of practical value under conditions of a living organism. Adapted from Explering Chewmistry Laboratory Maaal, 9th ed, by Ana Alejandre Cieresaka, Dorma J.C. Goelieb, and Eileen Delgadokhann as modi6ed by Deborah Heylag Copyright 2009 by Hayden-McNeil, Lic Additional duplication is prohibited wichout written pemission of Hayden-McNeil. LIC. 143Explanation / Answer
Enzyme/catalyst:
Enzymes are proteins that exist in cells. They are joined by peptide bonds to form three dimensional structure. They are also called as biological catalysts. As we know catalyst increases the speed of reaction without which reaction could be slow or no reaction at all. Similarly enzyme act as catalyst and increases the rate of biological reactions
Cofactor: Some enzymes consist of non protein part that assists in biochemical reaction. This part is called co-factor for e.g. ATP. These may be metal ions, organic compounds or any other chemicals. These are required because protein part of enzyme is not able to provide such properties required for reaction to take place.
Substrate: The starting material required for reaction to take place is called substrate. Enzyme works on this substrate, forms enzyme substrate complex and converts it into product.
Optimum temperature: This is the maximum temperature at which rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction is maximum. Generally Rate of enzyme substrate complex increases as the temperature of medium increases. This temperature is different for different enzyme. For human body, optimum temperature is 37.5 at which biological reaction takes place at maximum rate.
Activation energy is the minimum energy that must be achieved to convert a substrate into product. Arrhenius relate the rate of reaction with kinetic energy.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.