1) What is a prokaryotic opening? How are the genes related? How is this differe

Question

1) What is a prokaryotic opening? How are the genes related? How is this different from Eukaryotes?
2) What is the difference between cis and teams acting regulating mechanisms?
3) What are some of the other Prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms?
4) How do his tones and DNA interact? How does this relate to gene expression?
5) What effect does Methylation have in gene expression?
6) How do specific transcriptional activators find specific genes? 1) What is a prokaryotic opening? How are the genes related? How is this different from Eukaryotes?
2) What is the difference between cis and teams acting regulating mechanisms?
3) What are some of the other Prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms?
4) How do his tones and DNA interact? How does this relate to gene expression?
5) What effect does Methylation have in gene expression?
6) How do specific transcriptional activators find specific genes?
2) What is the difference between cis and teams acting regulating mechanisms?
3) What are some of the other Prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms?
4) How do his tones and DNA interact? How does this relate to gene expression?
5) What effect does Methylation have in gene expression?
6) How do specific transcriptional activators find specific genes?

Explanation / Answer

1. what is prokaryotic opening ,how genes are related and how is this different from eukaryotes?

ans ; Prokaryotes contains the region of the mucleotide sequence from the starting codon to stop codon is called open reading frame .There are six possible ways of translating any nucleotide sequence into amino acid sequence according to genetic code called as reading frames .while eukaryotic genes are not contineous and interuptted by the intervening sequence called introns ,organisation of the genetic information in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are different .prokaryotes contain only one choromosomes and has genes only on that . but eukaryotes has the genes spread across chromosomes .

2. What is the difference between the cis and trans acting regulating mechanisms ?

ans ; cis acting ,DNA sequences is the vicinity of structural portion of gene that are required for gene expression . They contain short sequences ,usually 200base pair upstream of transcription start site .

Trans acting ; they bind to the cis acting sequences to control gene expression ,factors include Subunits of RNA polymerase ,to stablise the intitation complex ,bind to few promoters and required for the transcription intiation .

3. What are the prokaryotic regulatory mechanism ?

ans ; the mechanisms include the transcritption factors ,promoters ,operators . promoters where the RNA polymerase bind and other proteins that are at the upstream of the gene . operators where the repressor binds ,there by inhibhiting the transcription . positive control elements that bind to DNA and incite the higher levels of the transcription.

4.How do histones and DNA interact and how does this relate to gene expression ?

ans; Histones are high alkaline proteins that are found in the eukaryotic cell nuclei that pack and order the DNA into structural units called nuclosomes .these are cheif components of the chromatin and act as a spools around the histones and play a role in gene regulation .they play an important role in the generegulation example Trimethylation of the H3lysine which occurs at the promoter of the active genes

5. DNA methylation ?

ans; methyl groups are added to the DNA ,methylation modifies the function of the DNA ,typically acting at the supress gene transcription ,it is essential for the normal development .It can alter the expression of the genes in the cell .Dna at 5position cytosine has a special effect of reducing the gene expression .It can be either a pasive process or active process .they have special CPg state where the cytosine residue is located at the side of guanine .

6. these transciptional ctivator bind to the specific sequence on the DNA such as promoter or operator sequences with the help of methylation or demethylation sites .

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