Using the list of terms provided, fill in the blanks in the follow passages such

Question

Using the list of terms provided, fill in the blanks in the follow passages such that upon their completion they correctly differentiate between the various conditions that result from inappropriate (excessive or deficient) production of growth hormone.

Terms: acromegally, after, before, dwarfism, epiphyseal plates, gigantism, length, puberty, sex steroid hormones, width

____________ is the process of sexual maturation that results from activation of the hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis and culminates with the initiation steroidogenesis in the ovaries and testes. Prior to sexual maturation, children and adolescents grow in height due to production and mineralization of cartilage in the ___________ of the long bones of the skeleton. However, once this sexual maturation has occurred, the increase in circulating ____________ causes the 'sealing' of these growth plates, which prevents any further increase in body height.

Growth hormone, especially through its production and secondary actions of insulin-like growth factor I, is important in the normal growth and development of the body's bones and muscles. If growth hormone secretion is insufficient during childhood, ____________ results, causing the body to be excessively short in stature and disproportionately long in the torso relative to limb lengths.

In contrast, if growth hormone production is excessive _________ sexual maturation, there is excessive increase in bone ____________, resulting in the pathologic condition known as ______________, characterized by exceptionally tall stature. If, however, growth hormone secretion is normal up until and throughout the process of sexual maturation but then elevates excessively _________ puberty - when further growth in long bone length is prohibited, the pathological condition known as _______________ ensues, characterize by abnormal increase in ___________ of the bones, especially notable in the short and flat bones of the body, causing excessively broad foreheads, hands and feet.

Explanation / Answer

puberty

epiphyseal plates

steroid hormones

dwarfism

before

length

gigantism

after

acromegaly

width

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