Outline the events that occur when F + cell comes in contact with a F - cell Dis

Question

Outline the events that occur when F+ cell comes in contact with a F- cell

Distinguish F-, Hfr, F’ cells.

Explain how Hfr cells arise

Outline the events that occur when Hfr cell encounters F- cell

Describe transformation

Differentiate generalized and specialized transduction

Distinguish conjugation, transduction, transformation

Modes of action of antibiotics:

Penicillin

Sulfanilamide

Chloramphenicol

Common reasons for increased drug resistance

How do bacteria protect themselves from antibiotics

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

Define:

Genetic recombination

Vertical gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer

Plasmid

phage

Explanation / Answer

1. When F+ cell (donor) containing a plasmid comes in a contact with F- cell (recipient) without plasmid, The conjugation tube is formed. Then the plasmid replicates and donates a copy to F- cell. the plasmid is transferred via conjugation tube from F+ cell to F- cell. Thus, F+ cell dontaes the plasmid to recipient and the F- cell also becomes F+ cell.

2. F- cell : A bacterial cell without fertility factor or F plasmid.

Hfr cell: It is high frequency recombinant cell in which entire F plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome.

F` cell: It is a bacterial cell containing part of Hfr chromosome inserted into the cell's chromosome.

3. Hfr cells are produced when the plasmid and bacterial chromosome undergo homologous recombination resulting in incorporation of entire plasmid into the host chromosome.

4. When Hfr cell (donor) containing a plasmid within DNA comes in a contact with F- cell (recipient) without plasmid, The conjugation tube is formed. Then the part of DNA along with plasmid replicates and donates a copy to F- cell. the DNA is transferred via conjugation tube from Hfr cell to F- cell. Thus, Hfr cell dontaes the DNA with plasmid to recipient and the F- cell becomes F` cell.

5. Transformation is a process of uptake of naked DNA by a cell. This technique is widely used in genetic engineering experiments.

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