Chapter 25: The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development 1. Origin and Growth of

Question

Chapter 25: The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

1.    Origin and Growth of the Primary Tissues of the Stem

List the structures produced by the shoot apical meristem. In what ways is the shoot apical meristem different from the root apical meristem?

2.    Origin and Growth of the Primary Tissues of the Stem

Explain the difference between anticlinal and periclinal divisions. How are they related to the tunica-corpus type of apical meristem?

3.    Primary Structure of the Stem

Describe the three basic patterns of primary stem structure in seed plants.

4.    Primary Structure of the Stem

Compare and contrast the stem structures of Tilia, Sambucus, Medicago, Ranunculus, and Zea.

5.    Morphology and Structure of the Leaf

What two criteria would you use to determine whether a structure is a leaf or a leaflet?

6.    Morphology and Structure of the Leaf

Compare and contrast the structure of monocot and eudicot leaves.

7.    Development of the Leaf

Compare and contrast the development of monocot and eudicot leaves.

8.    Transition between Vascular Systems of the Root and Shoot

Describe the transition region between shoots and roots in vascular plants.

9.    Development of the Flower

What are homeotic genes? Describe the role of homeotic genes in flower development.

10. Stem and Leaf Modifications

Describe three examples of leaf modifications and three examples of stem modifications in angiosperms.

Explanation / Answer

1. Structures produced by Shoot apical meristem(SAM) are :-

While the shoot apical meristem gives rise to structures of shoot like leaf, stem etc.

The root apical meristem gives structures related to root. It contains two types of stem cells, and these are present around a quiescent centre. While the SAM cells have equal mitotic activity, in RAM, the quiescent centre cells have low mitotic activity and the root cap stem cells have extremely high mitotic activity.

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