Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aroma

Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring. activation of the ring towards substituion ___ -Cl ___ -NHCOCH3 ___ -OCOCH3 ___-SO3H withdrawl of electrons through resonance ___ -COOH ___ -OCH3 ___ - OH ___ -CN ortho-para directed substituion ___ -Cl ___ -NO2 ___ -NCOCH3 ___ -COOH ___ -CH3

Explanation / Answer

activation of ring towards substitution

- NH2

- OCH3

withdrawal of electrons due to resonance

-SO3 H

-COOH

ortho para directing

-Cl

-NH2

-OCOCH3

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