1. Explain two specific reasons why attempts to calculate a molecular clock (com

Question

1. Explain two specific reasons why attempts to calculate a molecular clock (comparison of sequence changes to time since species diverged) might produce a non-linear relationship?

2. A gene for a DNA binding protein in frog species A acts as a transcriptional activator to increase expression of several target genes. Frog species B has a gene that has 87% identity to the gene in species A, and this gene also encodes a transcriptional activator. Frog species C has a gene that has 79% identity to the gene in species A, but this gene encodes a transcriptional silencer protein. A species of salamander has two genes similar to the gene in species A, one has 54% identity and the other has 49% identity to the gene. Both of the salamander genes encode transcriptional activators, and each recognizes a subset of the target genes. Base your answers to the following questions on the most likely interpretation of these comparisons.

A) Which gene pairs represent homologous genes, if any?

B) Which gene pairs represent orthologous genes, if any?

C) Which gene pairs represent paralogous genes, if any?

Explanation / Answer

1. two reasons are:

fossil record is incomplete with lots of gaps

Many times a few teeth are used to determine the species. such conclusions might be wrong.

acording to chegg rules we cannot answer more than one question in a single post

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